{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:47:01Z","timestamp":1793296021613,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5D43TW006581"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5D43TW006581"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R21AI094143-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R21AI094143-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cough is a key symptom of tuberculosis (TB) as well as the main cause of transmission. However, a recent literature review found that cough frequency (number of coughs per hour) in patients with TB has only been studied once, in 1969. The main aim of this study is to describe cough frequency patterns before and after the start of TB treatment and to determine baseline factors that affect cough frequency in these patients. Secondarily, we will evaluate the correlation between cough frequency and TB microbiological resolution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study will select participants with culture confirmed TB from 2 tertiary hospitals in Lima, Peru. We estimated that a sample size of 107 patients was sufficient to detect clinically significant changes in cough frequency. Participants will initially be evaluated through questionnaires, radiology, microscopic observation drug susceptibility broth TB-culture, auramine smear microscopy and cough recordings. This cohort will be followed for the initial 60\u2005days of anti-TB treatment, and throughout the study several microbiological samples as well as 24\u2005h recordings will be collected. We will describe the variability of cough episodes and determine its association with baseline laboratory parameters of pulmonary TB. In addition, we will analyse the reduction of cough frequency in predicting TB cure, adjusted for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval has been obtained from the ethics committees at each participating hospital in Lima, Peru, Asociaci\u00f3n Ben\u00e9fica PRISMA in Lima, Peru, the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia in Lima, Peru and Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, USA. We aim to publish and disseminate our findings in peer-reviewed journals. We also expect to create and maintain an online repository for TB cough sounds as well as the statistical analysis employed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]],"date-time":"2016-04-22T23:53:45Z","timestamp":1461369225000},"page":"e010365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Protocol for studying cough frequency in people with pulmonary tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4057-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro","family":"Proa\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina \u2018Alberto Hurtado\u2019, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjory A","family":"Bravard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Ben\u00e9fica PRISMA, Lima, Per\u00fa"},{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Innovation For Health And Development (IFHAD), Laboratory of Research and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian H","family":"Tracey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 W","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud del Ni\u00f1o San Borja, Lima, Per\u00fa"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioinform\u00e1tica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosof\u00eda, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"German","family":"Comina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"},{"name":"Escuela Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda F\u00edsica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Ingenier\u00eda, Lima, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Zimic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioinform\u00e1tica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosof\u00eda, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Per\u00fa"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosof\u00eda, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 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Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Luis Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neumolog\u00eda, Hospital Nacional Alcides Carri\u00f3n, Lima, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neumolog\u00eda, Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Ticona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Per\u00fa"},{"name":"Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima, Per\u00fa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela E","family":"Kirwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon S","family":"Friedland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Imperial College Centre for Global Health Research, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlton A","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation For Health And Development (IFHAD), Laboratory of Research and Development, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Imperial College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Imperial College Centre for Global Health Research, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n Ben\u00e9fica PRISMA, Lima, Per\u00fa"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades 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