{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T17:22:24Z","timestamp":1780334544093,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social Autopsy (SA) is an innovative strategy where a trained facilitator leads community groups through a structured, standardised analysis of the physical, environmental, cultural and social factors contributing to a serious, non-fatal health event or death. The discussion stimulated by the formal process of SA determines the causes and suggests preventative measures that are appropriate and achievable in the community. Here we explored individual experiences of SA, including acceptance and participant learning, and its effect on rural communities in Bangladesh. The present study had explored the experiences gained while undertaking SA of maternal and neonatal deaths and stillbirths in rural Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Qualitative assessment of documents, observations, focus group discussions, group discussions and in-depth interviews by content and thematic analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Each community's maternal and neonatal death was a unique, sad story. SA undertaken by government field-level health workers were well accepted by rural communities. SA had the capability to explore the social reasons behind the medical cause of the death without apportioning blame to any individual or group. SA was a useful instrument to raise awareness and encourage community responses to errors within the society that contributed to the death. People participating in SA showed commitment to future preventative measures and devised their own solutions for the future prevention of maternal and neonatal deaths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SA highlights societal errors and promotes discussion around maternal or newborn death. SA is an effective means to deliver important preventative messages and to sensitise the community to death issues. Importantly, the community itself is enabled to devise future strategies to avert future maternal and neonatal deaths in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]],"date-time":"2016-08-23T22:49:33Z","timestamp":1471992573000},"page":"e010490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Social Autopsy of maternal, neonatal deaths and stillbirths in rural Bangladesh: qualitative exploration of its effect and community acceptance"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Animesh","family":"Biswas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Science, School of Health and Medical Sciences, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4520-5520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fazlur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charli","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Science, School of Health and Medical Sciences, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Halim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koustuv","family":"Dalal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Science, School of Health and Medical Sciences, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62148-0"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3329\/bjog.v24i1.6322","article-title":"Facility and community based maternal death review in Bangladesh","volume":"24","author":"Khanam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bangladesh J Obs Gynaecol"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.3","unstructured":"UNICEF. Maternal and Neonatal Health in Bangladesh. 2009. http:\/\/www.unicef.org\/bangladesh\/Maternal_and_Neonatal_Health.pdf"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.4","unstructured":"WHO. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2013 Executive Summary. 2014. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/112697\/1\/WHO_RHR_14.13_eng.pdf?ua=1"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.5","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Health Bulletin 2014. Mohakhali: Management Information System Directorate General of Health Services, 2014."},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13010","article-title":"Cause of and contributing factors to maternal deaths; a cross-sectional study using verbal autopsy in four districts in Bangladesh","volume":"121","author":"Halim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Obs Gynae"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.035659","article-title":"A systematic review of inequalities in the use of maternal health care in developing countries","volume":"85","author":"Say","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull World Heal Organ"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.04.009","article-title":"Maternal death review in Africa","volume":"106","author":"Pearson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.1.70","article-title":"Maternal mortality in Guinea-Bissau: the use of verbal autopsy in a multi-ethnic","volume":"28","author":"H\u00f8j","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61076-4","article-title":"Maternal death reviews","volume":"381","author":"De Brouwere","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.11","first-page":"81","article-title":"Review of community based maternal deaths in Mangochi district","volume":"17","author":"Hofman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Malawi Med J"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4505-9-41","article-title":"Maternal death inquiry and response in India\u2014the impact of contextual factors on defining an optimal model to help meet critical maternal health policy objectives","volume":"9","author":"Kalter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.13","first-page":"603","article-title":"Maternal mortality in rural Gambia: levels, causes and contributing factors","volume":"78","author":"Walraven","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.14","unstructured":"Maternal Deaths in the Maldives. 2011:1\u201313 (cited 25 Dec 2014). http:\/\/www.searo.who.int\/maldives\/documents\/Maternal_Deaths_in_the_Maldives_2009-2011_-_short_report_edit_3.pdf"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-84"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v27i2.3370","article-title":"Pregnancy-related deaths in Rural Rajasthan, India: exploring causes, context, and care-seeking through verbal autopsy","volume":"27","author":"Iyengar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.17","first-page":"45","article-title":"Verbal autopsy for maternal death","volume":"28","author":"Hussain","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v27i2.3329","article-title":"Verbal autopsy of maternal deaths in two districts of Pakistan\u2014filling information gaps","volume":"27","author":"Jafarey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.105718","article-title":"Increased use of Social Autopsy is needed to improve maternal, neonatal and child health programmes in low-income countries","volume":"90","author":"Waiswa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.4236\/health.2014.616257","article-title":"Community notification of maternal, neonatal deaths and still births in Maternal and Neonatal Death Review (MNDR) system: experiences in Bangladesh","volume":"6","author":"Biswas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.4236\/health.2014.614198","article-title":"Maternal and Neonatal Death Review (MNDR): a useful approach to identifying appropriate and effective maternal and neonatal health initiatives in Bangladesh","volume":"6","author":"Biswas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.22","first-page":"329","article-title":"Experiences of community verbal autopsy in maternal and newborn health of Bangladesh","volume":"9","author":"Biswas","year":"2015","journal-title":"HealthMED"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.23","unstructured":"Islam F . Quality improvement system for maternal and newborn health care services at district and sub-district hospitals in Bangladesh [Doctoral thesis]. Orebro University, 2016."},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.24","unstructured":"Biswas A . Maternal and neonatal death review system to improve maternal and neonatal health care services in Bangladesh. Orebro University, 2015."},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.25","unstructured":"Silverman D . Doing qualitative research: a practice handbook. London: SAGE publications, 2000."},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.26","unstructured":"Boyatzis RE . Transforming qualitative information: thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE publications, 1998."},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2003.10.001"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.28","unstructured":"Biswas A . Maternal and Perinatal Death Review (MPDR): experiences in Bangladesh. World Health Organization. 2015 (cited 27 October 2015). http:\/\/www.who.int\/maternal_child_adolescent\/epidemiology\/maternal-death-surveillance\/case-studies\/bangladesh-study\/en\/"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(12)60930-8","article-title":"O500 Social Autopsy for maternal deaths: investigating the causes of and contributors to maternal mortality in Kenya","volume":"119","author":"Njue","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-9-45"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-9-44"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.32","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Maternal death surveillance and response: technical guidance, information for action to prevent maternal death. Bull World Health 2013:1\u2013128. http:\/\/www.scielosp.org\/scielo.php?pid=S0042-96862011001100003&script=sci_arttext&tlng=pt"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.33","unstructured":"United Nations. Sustainable Developmental Goal [Internet] (cited on November 2015). 2015:1\u20137. http:\/\/sustainabledevelopment.un.org"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-012-0264-3","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal death inquiry and response project implementation review in India","volume":"63","author":"Dikid","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol India"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.35","first-page":"228","article-title":"A district-based audit of the causes and circumstances of maternal deaths in South Kalimantan, Indonesia","volume":"80","author":"Supratikto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2012-040590u.5"},{"key":"2025121509414928000_6.8.e010490.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-225"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010490","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T17:42:10Z","timestamp":1765820530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010490"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010490","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}}}