{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T20:28:49Z","timestamp":1771014529101,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate bacterial flora of clinically healthy conjunctiva and nasal cavity among patients prior to refractive surgery, as well as the characteristics of patients with methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA) colonisation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational and cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single-centre study in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>120 consecutive patients pre-refractive surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Samples were obtained from the right conjunctival sac and the nasal cavity of 120 consecutive patients prior to refractive surgery and were then measured for the levels of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics. Patients were interviewed regarding their occupation, family living situation and any personal history of atopic dermatitis, asthma, smoking or contact lens wear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) (32.5%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (4.2%) were detected from the conjunctival sac.\n                      <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most commonly isolated (68.3%) in the nasal cavity. Of the 30 patients (25.0%) with colonisation by\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 2 patients, both of whom were healthcare workers with atopic dermatitis, were found to be positive for MRSA in the nasal cavity. A history of contact lens wear, asthma or smoking, as well as patient gender and age, was not associated with MRSA colonisation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were only 2 patients who were colonised with MRSA, both of whom were healthcare workers with atopic dermatitis.\n                      <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      was predominantly found in the conjunctival sac. Further study is needed to investigate the involvement between nasal and conjunctival flora, and risk factors for infectious complications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]],"date-time":"2016-05-09T22:47:13Z","timestamp":1462834033000},"page":"e010733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Nasal and conjunctival screening prior to refractive surgery: an observational and cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Koji","family":"Kitazawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"},{"name":"Baptist Eye Clinic, Kyoto, 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