{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:33:10Z","timestamp":1792200790447,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To describe socioeconomic and antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance profiles among young pregnant women infected with HIV-1.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A public health antenatal programme responsible for screening \u223c90\u2005000 pregnant women per year for nine different infectious diseases in Central Western Brazil.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>96 young pregnant women (15\u201324\u2005years) infected with HIV-1.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Standard interviews and blood samples were taken at the time of recruitment, at the first medical appointment after confirmation of diagnosis of HIV-1 infection, and before ARV prophylaxis initiation. Clinical and laboratory data were retrieved from medical files. HIV-1 <jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic> gene sequences (entire protease\/PR, partial reverse transcriptase\/RT) were obtained from plasma RNA. ARV resistance mutations (CPR\/Stanford HIV-1; International AIDS Society-USA databases) were identified.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The median age was 21\u2005years; most reported &lt;8\u2005years education; 73% were recently diagnosed. Approximately 20% (19\/96) presented late for antenatal care (after 26 gestational weeks), while 49% reported \u22652 previous pregnancies. Possible heterosexual transmission by an HIV-1 infected partner (17%) and commercial sex work (2%) were reported. The median of CD4 cell count was 526 cells\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>; the median viral load was: 10\u2005056 copies\/mL in ARV-na\u00efve (48\/96) patients and 5881 copies\/mL in ARV-exposed (48\/96) patients. Two probable seroconversion cases during pregnancy were identified in adolescents. One mother-to-child transmission case (1.0%) was observed. Transmitted drug resistance among ARV-na\u00efve patients was 9.3% (CI 95% 3.3% to 19.6%); secondary drug resistance among ARV-exposed patients was 12.5% (CI 95% 4.7% to 25.6%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite high access to antenatal care, the low socioeconomic-educational profiles seen in these young HIV-1-infected women highlight the necessity of improved public health educational and preventive strategies regarding HIV infection and early unplanned pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]],"date-time":"2016-07-05T22:58:48Z","timestamp":1467759528000},"page":"e010837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["HIV-1 infection and pregnancy in young women in Brazil: socioeconomic and drug resistance profiles in a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yanna Andressa Ramos","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f4nica Nogueira Guarda","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludimila Paula Vaz","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Jata\u00ed, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariane Martins Ara\u00fajo","family":"Stefani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia, Goi\u00e1s, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101810311711000_6.7.e010837.1","unstructured":"Boletim Epidemiol\u00f3gico 2014. At\u00e9 26\u00aa semana epidemiol\u00f3gica. Ano II n\u00b01. In: Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade, ed . AIDS. Brazil: DST, 2014, p84."},{"key":"2025101810311711000_6.7.e010837.2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. HIV and adolescents: guidance for HIV testing and counselling and care for adolescents living with HIV: recommendations for a public health approach and considerations for policymakers and managers. 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