{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T14:01:25Z","timestamp":1776866485450,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to determine the attitudes and acceptability of self-administered cervicovaginal sampling compared with conventional physician-acquired Papanicolaou (Pap) smear among multiethnic Malaysian women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was carried out via interviewer-administered surveys from August 2013 through August 2015 at five government-run, urban health clinics in the state of Selangor. Subjects were participants from an ongoing community-based human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence study who answered a standard questionnaire before and after self-sampling. The cervicovaginal self-sampling for HPV genotyping was performed using a simple brush (\u2018Just for Me\u2019; Preventive Oncology International, Hong Kong). Detailed data on sociodemographics, previous Pap smear experience, and attitudes towards self-administered cervicovaginal sampling were collected and analysed. Acceptability was inferred using a five-item Likert scale that included six different subjective descriptives: experience, difficulty, convenience, embarrassment, discomfort or pain, and confidence in collecting one's own sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 839 participants, 47.9% were Malays, followed by 30.8% Indians, 18.8% Chinese and 2.5% from other ethnicities. The median age of the participants was 38\u2005years (IQR 30\u201348). Some 68.2% of participants indicated a preference for self-sampling over the Pap test, with 95% indicating willingness to follow-up a positive result at the hospital. Age, ethnicity and previous Pap test experience were significant independent factors associated with preference for self-sampling. The older the individual, the less likely they were to prefer self-sampling (adjusted OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.98). The Chinese were less likely to prefer self-sampling (72.6%) than the Malays (85.1%) (adjusted OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.98, p=0.004). Participants who had never undergone a Pap smear were also more likely to prefer self-sampling (88.5%) than women who had undergone a previous Pap (80.9%) (adjusted OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.87).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, urban Malaysian women from multiethnic backgrounds found self-sampling to be an acceptable alternative to Pap smear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-011022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T22:43:25Z","timestamp":1470350605000},"page":"e011022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Attitudes and factors affecting acceptability of self-administered cervicovaginal sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping as an alternative to Pap testing among multiethnic Malaysian women"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mahirah","family":"Ma'som","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirmala","family":"Bhoo-Pathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazrila Hairizan","family":"Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Selangor State Health Department, Klinik Kesihatan Pandamaran, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Bellinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Oncology International Inc, Cleveland Heights, Ohio and The Women's Health Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shridevi","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuntong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siew-Hwei","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pik-Pin","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Centre, Ministry of Health, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patti","family":"Gravitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yin Ling","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121508131576000_6.8.e011022.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25516"},{"key":"2025121508131576000_6.8.e011022.2","unstructured":"Lim GCC RS , Yahaya H . 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