{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:50:12Z","timestamp":1791460212644,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR HPRU 2012-10038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR HPRU 2012-10038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000354","name":"Food Standards Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS231043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS231043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000354","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To generate estimates of the burden of UK-acquired foodborne disease accounting for uncertainty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A modelling study combining data from national public health surveillance systems for laboratory-confirmed infectious intestinal disease (IID) and outbreaks of foodborne disease and 2 prospective, population-based studies of IID in the community. The underlying data sets covered the time period 1993\u20132008. We used Monte Carlo simulation and a Bayesian approach, using a systematic review to generate Bayesian priors. We calculated point estimates with 95% credible intervals (CrI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>UK, 2009.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pathogen-specific estimates of the number of cases, general practice (GP) consultations and hospitalisations for foodborne disease in the UK in 2009.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bayesian approaches gave slightly more conservative estimates of overall health burden (\u223c511\u2005000 cases vs 566\u2005000 cases).<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>is the most common foodborne pathogen, causing 280\u2005400 (95% CrI 182\u2005503\u2013435\u2005693) food-related cases and 38\u2005860 (95% CrI 27\u2005160\u201355\u2005610) GP consultations annually. Despite this, there are only around 562 (95% CrI 189\u20131330) food-related hospital admissions due to<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>, reflecting relatively low disease severity.<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>causes the largest number of hospitalisations, an estimated 2490 admissions (95% CrI 607\u20139631), closely followed by<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>O157 with 2233 admissions (95% CrI 170\u201332\u2005159). Other common causes of foodborne disease include<jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>, with an estimated 79\u2005570 cases annually (95% CrI 30\u2005700\u2013211\u2005298) and norovirus with 74\u2005100 cases (95% CrI 61\u2005150\u201389\u2005660). Other viruses and protozoa ranked much lower as causes of foodborne disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3 models yielded similar estimates of the burden of foodborne illness in the UK and show that continued reductions in<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>O157,<jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>and norovirus are needed to mitigate the impact of foodborne disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T00:48:52Z","timestamp":1473814132000},"page":"e011119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Modelling study to estimate the health burden of foodborne diseases: cases, general practice consultations and hospitalisations in the UK, 2009"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2896-8999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tricia L","family":"Larose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goutam K","family":"Adak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meirion R","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarence C","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.32.2.2249","article-title":"World Health Organization initiative to estimate the global burden of foodborne diseases","volume":"32","author":"Kuchenm\u00fcller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101"},{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P21101"},{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0505.990502"},{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.6.832"},{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.041367"},{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2005.2.221"},{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/432064"},{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2011.238386"},{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7190.1046"},{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-39"},{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.12","first-page":"108","article-title":"A study of infectious intestinal disease in England: microbiological findings in cases and controls","volume":"2","author":"Tompkins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Commun Dis Public Health"},{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006"},{"key":"2024051609272757000_6.9.e011119.14","unstructured":"Tam CC , Larose T , O'Brien SJ . Costed extension to the second study of infectious intestinal disease in the community: identifying the proportion of foodborne disease in the UK and attributing foodborne disease by food commodity . UK: Food Standards Agency, 2014. 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