{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T13:08:10Z","timestamp":1765890490473,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rectal douching (RD) is practised among men who have sex with men (MSM), and various products and materials are used. There have been no studies in Brazil on this practice and its risks in the transmission of sexually transmitted infections and HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between June and August 2015, 401 MSM over the age of 18 were interviewed about their sexual practices associated with RD over the last 3 months. RD was associated with the reported sexual behaviour, and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted on the same.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the respondents, 85.6% identified themselves as men and 14.4% as transgender; 255 declared themselves to be white (63.6%) and 104 to be mixed (25.9%). From among those who had performed anal sex within the last 3 months (n=369), 197 reported having used RD (53.4%). The most commonly used material was a shower hose (84.5%) and the main product used was water (93%). Of those interviewed, 94.5% never received guidelines from health professionals on this practice and its potential risks. Receptive anal intercourse and RD were found to be associated (p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RD is a common practice among the MSM population. Health professionals must deepen their knowledge of this. We propose studies in Brazil on the practice of RD that\u2014from that knowledge strategies for prevention and harm reduction\u2014can be incorporated to the vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T20:10:16Z","timestamp":1496088616000},"page":"e011122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prevalence and types of rectal douches used for anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Luiz Carlos Ribeiro","family":"Lamblet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Council of Nursing, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto Jos\u00e9 Carvalho","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference and Training Center (CRT\/AIDS), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121605033298000_7.5.e011122.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-007-9301-0"},{"key":"2025121605033298000_7.5.e011122.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2012.0355"},{"key":"2025121605033298000_7.5.e011122.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181bf9b2d","article-title":"Why rectal douches may be acceptable rectal-microbicide delivery vehicles for men who have sex with men","volume":"37","author":"Carballo-Di\u00e9guez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2025121605033298000_7.5.e011122.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051154"},{"key":"2025121605033298000_7.5.e011122.5","first-page":"265","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of large-volume Enema solutions","volume":"17","author":"Schmelzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"key":"2025121605033298000_7.5.e011122.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-95","article-title":"Prevalence and types of rectal douches used for anal intercourse: results from an international survey","volume":"14","author":"Javanbakht","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025121605033298000_7.5.e011122.7","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. 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S\u00e3o Paulo: BMJ Publishing Group, 2001:1\u2013135."},{"key":"2025121605033298000_7.5.e011122.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0203-0","article-title":"Enema use among men who have sex with men: a behavioral epidemiologic study with implications for HIV\/STI prevention","volume":"43","author":"Noor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2025121605033298000_7.5.e011122.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-010-9077-7","article-title":"Insert Discourse: rectal Douching among Young HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative men who have sex with men in Vancouver, Canada","volume":"14","author":"Schilder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Cult"},{"key":"2025121605033298000_7.5.e011122.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galea JT , Kinsler JJ , McLean S , et al . Rectal Douching prevalence and Practices among peruvian men who have sex with men and transwomen: implications for rectal microbicides. AIDS Behav 2015. Epub ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1221-9"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T13:03:39Z","timestamp":1765890219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011122","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}}}