{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:56:00Z","timestamp":1789624560332,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The British HIV Association's (BHIVA) testing guidelines recommend men who have sex with men (MSM) test annually or more frequently if ongoing risk is present. We identify which groups of MSM in England are less likely to have tested for HIV and their preferences for future tests by testing model, in order to inform health promotion programmes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data come from the Gay Men's Sex Survey 2014, a cross-sectional survey of MSM, aged 16\u2005years or older and living in the UK. Only men who did not have diagnosed HIV and were living in England were included in this analysis. We used logistic regression models to understand how social determinants of health were associated with not testing for HIV in the past 12\u2005months, and never having tested. We then cross-tabulated preferred testing location by demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Younger men, older men and men who were not gay identified were least likely to have tested for HIV. Higher educational attainment, migrancy, Black ethnicity and being at higher of risk were associated with greater levels of HIV testing. Men who were less likely to have tested for HIV preferred a wider range of options for future HIV testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>If the BHIVA's HIV testing policy of 2008 was used to guide testing priorities among MSM focus would be on increasing the rate of annual testing among MSM at less risk of HIV (ie, younger men, older men and non-gay identified MSM). Instead the promotion of more frequent testing among the groups most at risk of infection should be prioritised in order to reduce the time between infection and diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]],"date-time":"2016-09-15T00:57:57Z","timestamp":1473901077000},"page":"e011372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["HIV testing history and preferences for future tests among gay men, bisexual men and other MSM in England: results from a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"T Charles","family":"Witzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G J","family":"Melendez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ford","family":"Hickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Weatherburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105243"},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61697-9"},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31827e4992","article-title":"Global policy review of antiretroviral therapy eligibility criteria for treatment and prevention of HIV and tuberculosis in adults, pregnant women, and discordant couples","volume":"62","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.4","unstructured":"Skingsley A , Yin Z , Kirwan P , et al . HIV in the UK\u2014situation report 2015: data to end 2014. 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The Government's mandate to NHS England for 2016\u201317. Published online only [gov.uk]."},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.12","unstructured":"British HIV Association. UK National Guidelines for HIV Testing. London, 2008."},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2013.824543"},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61947-9"},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0184-3"},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12060","article-title":"Who are the men who have sex with men in Spain that have never been tested for HIV?","volume":"14","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-D\u00e1vila","year":"2013","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12058","article-title":"HIV testing among Portuguese men who have sex with men\u2014results from the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS)","volume":"14","author":"Carvalho","year":"2013","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-9883-4"},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494813483216"},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2012.01041.x"},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00056-9","article-title":"Effects of pre-exposure prophylaxis and combination HIV prevention for men who have sex with men in the UK: a mathematical modelling study","volume":"3","author":"Punyacharoensin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60899-X"},{"key":"2024051609385181000_6.9.e011372.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052389"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011372","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T16:40:57Z","timestamp":1715877657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011372"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011372","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}}}