{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:29:21Z","timestamp":1779114561736,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) is a known risk factor for intracerebral haemorrhage\/intraventricular haemorrhage (ICH\/IVH) and periventricular leucomalacia. These lesions are known to increase the risk of cerebral palsy (CP). Thus, we wanted to examine the long-term risk of CP following IRDS in moderately late and late preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population-based cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All hospitals in Denmark.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used nationwide medical registries to identify a cohort of all moderately and late preterm infants (defined as birth during 32\u201336 full gestational weeks) born in Denmark in 1997\u20132007 with and without hospital diagnosed IRDS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcomes measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We followed study participants from birth until first diagnosis of CP, emigration, death or end of follow-up in 2014. We computed the cumulative incidence of CP before age 8\u2005years and used Cox's regression analysis to compute HRs of IRDS, comparing children with IRDS to those without IRDS. HRs were adjusted for multiple covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 39\u2005420 moderately late and late preterm infants, of whom 2255 (5.7%) had IRDS. The cumulative incidence of CP was 1.9% in infants with IRDS and 0.5% in the comparison cohort. The adjusted HR of CP was 2.0 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.9). The adjusted HR of CP was 12 (95% CI 4.5 to 34) in children with IRDS accompanied by a diagnosis of ICH\/IVH. After restriction to children without diagnoses of perinatal breathing disorders other than IRDS, congenital heart disease and viral or bacterial infections occurring within 4\u2005days of birth, the overall adjusted HR was 2.1 (95% CI 1.4 to 3.1).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk of CP was increased in moderately late and late preterm infants with IRDS compared with infants without IRDS born during the same gestational weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]],"date-time":"2016-10-11T21:38:53Z","timestamp":1476221933000},"page":"e011643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Respiratory distress syndrome in moderately late and late preterm infants and risk of cerebral palsy: a population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Sandra Kruchov","family":"Thygesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik Toft","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark"},{"name":"Departments of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60136-1"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91551-K"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb00702.x"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000014005"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.02.006"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-013-9475-3"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.6.1397"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1298"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162200001511"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S001216220500112X"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.05.034","article-title":"Cerebral palsy: causes, pathways, and the role of genetic variants","volume":"213","author":"MacLennan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2004.02.011"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2005.08.011"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1993.tb00406.x"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738050200080401"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1998.tb03091.x","article-title":"Antenatal and perinatal antecedents of moderate and severe spastic cerebral palsy","volume":"38","author":"Dite","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2025120618490735000_6.10.e011643.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1993.tb00405.x","article-title":"When can cerebral palsy be prevented? 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