{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:54:04Z","timestamp":1773028444199,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                     <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> is an obligate intracellular protozoan infecting up to one-third of the world's population, constituting a life threat if transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy. In Portugal, there is a lack of knowledge of the current epidemiological situation, as the unique toxoplasmosis National Serological Survey was performed in 1979\/1980.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We studied the seroprevalence trends in the Portuguese general population over the past 3 decades, by assessing chronological spread cross-sectional studies, with special focus on women of childbearing age, by age group, region and gender.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> overall seroprevalence decreased from 47% in 1979\/1980 to 22% (95% CI 20% to 24%) in 2013. Generally, we observed that the prevalence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG increased significantly with age and it decreased over time, both in the general population and in the childbearing women (18% prevalence in 2013).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The scenario observed for the latter indicates that more than 80% of childbearing women are susceptible to primary infection yielding a risk of congenital toxoplasmosis and respective sequelae. Since there is no vaccine to prevent human toxoplasmosis, the improvement of primary prevention constitutes a major tool to avoid infection in such susceptible groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,5]],"date-time":"2016-10-05T20:39:07Z","timestamp":1475699947000},"page":"e011648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> seroprevalence in the Portuguese population: comparison of three cross-sectional studies spanning three decades"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Gargat\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Parasitic and Fungal Infections, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Idalina","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Parasitic and Fungal Infections, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Vilares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Parasitic and Fungal Infections, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Parasitic and Fungal Infections, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical laboratory Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baltazar","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101812065973000_6.10.e011648.1","unstructured":"Holliman RE . 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