{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:58:09Z","timestamp":1785297489706,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been regarded as a most painful orthopaedic surgery. Although many surgeons sequentially use parecoxib and celecoxib as a routine strategy for postoperative pain control after TKA, high quality evidence is still lacking to prove the effect of this sequential regimen, especially at the medium-term follow-up. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to evaluate efficacy and safety of postoperative intravenous parecoxib sodium followed by oral celecoxib in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) undergoing TKA. The hypothesis is that compared to placebo with opioids as rescue treatment, sequential use of parecoxib and celecoxib can achieve less morphine consumption over the postoperative 2\u2005weeks, as well as better pain control, quicker functional recovery in the postoperative 6\u2005weeks and less opioid-related adverse events during the 12-week recovery phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is designed as a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group and placebo-controlled trial. The target sample size is 246. All participants who meet the study inclusion and exclusion criteria will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the parecoxib\/celecoxib group or placebo group. The randomisation and allocation will be study site based. The study will consist of three phases: an initial screening phase; a 6-week double-blind treatment phase; and a 6-week follow-up phase. The primary end point is cumulative opioid consumption during 2\u2005weeks postoperation. Secondary end points consist of the postoperative visual analogue scale score, knee joint function, quality of life, local skin temperature, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, cytokines and blood coagulation parameters. Safety end points will be monitored too.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethics approval for this study has been obtained from the Ethics Committee, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China (Protocol number: S-572) Study results will be available as published manuscripts and presentations at national and international meetings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02198924\">NCT02198924<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]],"date-time":"2016-09-08T22:44:39Z","timestamp":1473374679000},"page":"e011732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Efficacy and safety of\n                    <i>P<\/i>\n                    ostoperative\n                    <i>I<\/i>\n                    ntravenous\n                    <i>P<\/i>\n                    arecoxib sodium\n                    <i>F<\/i>\n                    ollowed by\n                    <i>OR<\/i>\n                    al\n                    <i>CE<\/i>\n                    lecoxib (PIPFORCE) post-total knee arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis: a study protocol for a multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02198924","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Qianyu","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingmei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences\/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiezheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaofeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuxing","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xisheng","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4934"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60243-2"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60752-6"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505467"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.O.00241"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.808","article-title":"Acute pain factors predictive of post-operative pain and opioid requirement in multimodal analgesia following knee replacement","volume":"20","author":"Thomazeau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Pain."},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1549027","article-title":"New and common perioperative pain management techniques in total knee arthroplasty","volume":"29","author":"Elmallah","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199907000-00006"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.07.229"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-010-0973-0"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2011.04.007"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg038"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-77"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.14","first-page":"336","article-title":"Intravenous parecoxib sodium foracute pain after orthopedic knee surgery","volume":"31","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J orthop"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200603000-00020"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000093390.94921.4A"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000117001.44280.F3"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2004.00495.x"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.2165\/11317570-000000000-00000","article-title":"Reduction in opioid-related adverse events and improvement in function with parecoxib followed by valdecoxib treatment after non-cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial","volume":"29","author":"Langford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199346020-00008"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003643-200007000-00007"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.22","first-page":"570","article-title":"A comparative study of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia morphine and tramadol in patients undergoing major operation","volume":"61","author":"Hadi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.23","unstructured":"Huang YG , Luo AL . Pain management drugs. 2008:4. ISBN-978-7-5062-8919-1 ."},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22631","article-title":"Validation of the Chinese western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index in patients from mainland China with osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"67","author":"Symonds","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0854-1","article-title":"Translation and validation of the simplified Chinese new knee society scoring system","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12570-012-0100-3"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9915-6","article-title":"Validation of the eq-5d in a general population sample in urban China","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/JSOA.2014.0022"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.15.8"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.30","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Perioperative pain management in hip and knee replacement surgery","volume":"43","author":"Barrington","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Orthop"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00912700022008766"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-5403(93)90007-Q"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7365.619"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.10.1247"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161080-00010"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm990577v"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.37","unstructured":"Parecoxib sodium for injection package insert. Approval date: 23 May 2008. Revision date 25 Sep 2012."},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200208000-00004"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(07)80082-8"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-016-0046-1","article-title":"Parecoxib possesses anxiolytic properties in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study","volume":"5","author":"Sarridou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"2025121401450653000_6.9.e011732.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2009.00271.x","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of preemptively administered intravenous parecoxib: effect on anxiety levels and procedural pain during epidural catheter placement for surgical operations or for chronic pain therapy","volume":"9","author":"Vadalouca","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Pract"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011732","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T09:45:14Z","timestamp":1765705514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011732","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}}}