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Terms like \u2018psychological distress\u2019, \u2018depression\u2019, \u2018PTSD\u2019 and \u2018motor vehicle accident\u2019 were employed. These key words were run primarily and secondary searches were then conducted in association with the major injury types. Studies needed to compare psychological distress in people injured in an MVC with uninjured controls who had not recently experienced an MVC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data extraction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Searches resulted in the identification of 2537 articles, and after eliminating duplicates and studies not meeting inclusion criteria, 24 studies were selected involving 4502 injured participants. These studies were entered into separate meta-analyses for mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (mTBI), whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) and spinal cord injury (SCI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated psychological distress was associated with MVC-related injuries with a large summary effect size in WAD (0.90), medium to large effect size in SCI (0.69) and small to medium effect size in mTBI (0.23). No studies meeting inclusion criteria were found for burns, fractures and low back injury. Increased psychological distress remains elevated in SCI, mTBI and WAD for at least 3\u2005years post-MVC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rehabilitation strategies are needed to minimise distress subsequent to MVC-related physical injuries and the scientific robustness of studies requires improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]],"date-time":"2016-09-08T22:44:39Z","timestamp":1473374679000},"page":"e011993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Psychological impact of injuries sustained in motor vehicle crashes: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7647-7604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley","family":"Craig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Guest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bamini","family":"Gopinath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagnoor","family":"Jagnoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Collie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Safety Compensation and Recovery Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn","family":"Tate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Kenardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Centre of National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine (CONROD), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Walsh Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School-Northern, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121401422170000_6.9.e011993.1","unstructured":"Peden M , Scurfield R , Sleet D , et al . 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