{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:12:27Z","timestamp":1790129547712,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the impact of initiatives aiming to increase clinician awareness of radiation exposure; to explore the challenges they face when communicating with patients; to study what they think is the most appropriate way of communicating the long-term potential risks of medical radiological exposure to patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A quantitative and qualitative evaluation through a survey and focal groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>San Juan Hospital and Dr Peset Hospital (Southeast Spain) and clinicians from Spanish scientific societies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The surveys were answered (a) in person (216: all the radiologists (30), urologists (14) and surgeons (44) working at both participant hospitals; a sample of general practitioners from the catchment area of one hospital (45), and a consecutive sample of radiologists attending a scientific meeting (60)) or (b) electronically through Spanish scientific societies (299: radiologists (45), pneumologists (123), haematologists (75) and surgeons (40)). Clinicians were not randomly selected and thus the results are limited by the diligence of the individuals filling out the survey.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clinicians' knowledge and practices regarding medical radiological exposure, and what they considered most appropriate for communicating information to patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nearly 80% of the clinicians surveyed had never heard of the European recommendations. Fewer than 20% of the clinicians surveyed identified correctly the radiation equivalence dose of intravenous urography or barium enema. It was reported by 31.7% that they inform patients about the long-term potential risks of ionising radiation. All participants agreed that the most appropriate way to present information is a table with a list of imaging tests and their corresponding radiation equivalence dose in terms of chest X-rays and background radiation exposure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Medical radiological exposure is frequently underestimated and rarely explained to patients. With a clear understanding of medical radiological exposure and proper communication tools, clinicians will be able to accurately inform patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]],"date-time":"2016-10-31T21:49:32Z","timestamp":1477950572000},"page":"e012361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evaluation of clinicians' knowledge and practices regarding medical radiological exposure: findings from a mixed-methods investigation (survey and qualitative study)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"B","family":"Lumbreras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, History of Science and Gynecology, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, and CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica, Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Vilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiodiagnostic Department, Peset Hospital, Valenciana, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiodiagnostic Department, San Juan Hospital, Valenciana, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Guilabert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L A","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Pastor-Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M L","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiodiagnostic Department, Peset Hospital, Valenciana, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M F","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Lorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiodiagnostic Department, San Juan Hospital, Valenciana, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Aguado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University, Alicante, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101814431609000_6.10.e012361.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HP.0000327659.42618.c1"},{"key":"2025101814431609000_6.10.e012361.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.3.317"},{"key":"2025101814431609000_6.10.e012361.3","unstructured":"European Council Directive 2013\/59\/Euratom on basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation and repealing Directives 89\/618\/Euratom, 90\/641\/Euratom, 96\/29\/Euratom, 97\/43\/Euratom and 2003\/122\/Euratom. 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