{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T07:12:03Z","timestamp":1781075523870,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess medical care and costs of the 3 highest prevalence lumbar disorders\u2014non-specific low back pain (nLBP), intervertebral disc disorder (IDD) and spinal stenosis (SS)\u2014from national billing data to provide basic information for standards of appropriate management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective analysis of National Health Insurance National Patient Sample data provided by the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2011 claims data from all medical institutions which filed billing statements to HIRA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 135\u2005561 patients with lumbar disorder who received medical services during 2011.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient characteristics, medical procedures, medication, cost, injection and surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the nLBP and IDD groups, the 50\u201359 age range had the highest prevalence, whereas prevalence increased with age in SS. All 3 groups showed a higher percentage in women. The average treatment cost was 196\u2005552 KRW in the nLBP and 362\u2005050 KRW in the IDD group, and highest in the SS group at 439\u2005025 KRW. While in the nLBP group women spent more on medical expenses, in the other 2 groups men showed higher expenditure. Expenditure grew with age in the nLBP and SS groups, whereas that of the IDD group peaked in their 40s. Analgesics were used in 73.43% of patients with nLBP, 82.64% of patients with IDD and 86.46% of patients with SS, and opioids in 4.12% of patients with IDD and 5.36% of patients with SS. Surgery rates were highest in the SS group at 4.85%, with 0.9% for nLBP and 4.59% for IDD. The most frequent injection code was lumbar\/caudal epidural nerve block. Expenditure and surgery rates were higher in the injection than in the non-injection subgroup in all 3 groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patterns of medical care of most frequent lumbar disorders from HIRA data showed significant difference between groups and provide a basic standard for future usual care guidelines linked with health policy and budget appropriation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]],"date-time":"2016-09-12T21:49:12Z","timestamp":1473716952000},"page":"e012432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Evaluation of use and cost of medical care of common lumbar disorders in Korea: cross-sectional study of Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service National Patient Sample data"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yong-Jun","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon-Shik","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Me-Riong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Byung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"University of Science & Technology (UST), Korean Medicine Life Science, Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Min","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5020-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In-Hyuk","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121510203221000_6.9.e012432.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-007-0420-x"},{"key":"2025121510203221000_6.9.e012432.2","unstructured":"Weinstein JN . 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