{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:12:37Z","timestamp":1792005157412,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-MH57716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-MH57716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There have been growing concerns about increasing mental health problems in the Caribbean region. This study explores rates and factors associated with selected mental health disorders within 2 Caribbean countries: Jamaica and Guyana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Probability samples of 1218 Jamaicans and 2068 Guyanese participants were used. A modified version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO CIDI) defined by the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) was administered in order to assess lifetime mental disorders. Descriptive statistics, \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and hierarchical regression analytic procedures were used to examine rates and factors associated with mental disorders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rates of mental health conditions were different across contexts and were generally higher for Guyanese compared with Jamaicans for alcohol abuse (3.6% vs 2.2%), drug abuse (1.4% vs 1.3%), substance abuse (4.7% vs 2.7%) and mania (0.4% vs 0.1%). The rate of depression, however, was higher among Jamaicans than Guyanese (7.4% vs 4.1%). There were also noticeable differences in rates in both countries, due to social and economic factors, with social factors playing a larger contributory role in the mental health status of individuals across countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study suggest the need for more indepth analyses of factors contributing to mental health conditions of peoples within the Caribbean region, including the influence of additional sources of stress, quality of care and help-seeking behaviours of individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]],"date-time":"2016-12-24T13:35:38Z","timestamp":1482586538000},"page":"e012870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Relationship of social and economic factors to mental disorders among population-based samples of Jamaicans and Guyanese"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Krim K","family":"Lacey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program for Research on Black Americans, University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Powell Sears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denison University, Sociology and Anthropology, Granville, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tazhmoye V","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Kingston, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niki","family":"Matusko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program for Research on Black Americans, University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program for Research on Black Americans, University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121406583549000_6.12.e012870.1","unstructured":"PAHO\/WHO. 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