{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:28:52Z","timestamp":1790742532212,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score is among the most commonly used instruments for measuring the outcome of treatment in patients who sustained a complex ankle or hindfoot injury. It combines a clinician-reported and a patient-reported part. A valid Dutch version of this instrument is currently not available. Such a translated and validated instrument would allow objective comparison across hospitals or between patient groups, and with shown validity and reliability it may become a quality of care indicator in future. The main aims of this study are to translate and culturally adapt the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Score questionnaire into Dutch according to international guidelines, and to evaluate the measurement properties of the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Score-Dutch language version (DLV) in patients with a unilateral ankle or hindfoot fracture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The design of the study will be a multicentre prospective observational study (case series) in patients who presented to the emergency department with a unilateral ankle or hindfoot fracture or (fracture) dislocation. A research physician or research assistant will complete the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Score-DLV based on interview for the subjective part and a physical examination for the objective part. In addition, patients will be asked to complete the Foot Function Index (FFI) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Descriptive statistics (including floor and ceiling effects), internal consistency, construct validity, reproducibility (ie, test\u2013retest reliability, agreement and smallest detectable change) and responsiveness will be assessed for the AOFAS DLV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has been exempted by the Medical Research Ethics Committee (MREC) Erasmus MC (Rotterdam, the Netherlands). Each participant will provide written consent to participate and remain anonymised during the study. The results of the study are planned to be published in an international, peer-reviewed journal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.trialregister.nl\/trialreg\/admin\/rctview.asp?TC=5613\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">NTR5613<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      . pre-result.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T20:25:26Z","timestamp":1488227126000},"page":"e012884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Score: a study protocol for the translation and validation of the Dutch language version"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Esther M M","family":"Van Lieshout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Siebe","family":"De Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duncan E","family":"Meuffels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P Ted","family":"Den Hoed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis H","family":"Van der Vlies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim E","family":"Tuinebreijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H J","family":"Verhofstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Research Unit Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-6-16"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.2","first-page":"1023","article-title":"The foot function index with verbal rating scales (FFI-5pt): a clinimetric evaluation and comparison with the original FFI","volume":"29","author":"Kuyvenhoven","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.06.014"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.11.044"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.07.013"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0529-z","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Dutch Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire in patients with a fracture of the upper or lower extremity","volume":"23","author":"Van Son","year":"2014","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500701"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0057"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602701111"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400108"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.12.002"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016470410004148"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0841"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102201003"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90142-N"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00097-3"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2016.03.011","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Foot Function Index","volume":"55","author":"Huh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(08)60124-2"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-39","article-title":"HUMeral shaft fractures: measuring recovery after operative versus non-operative treatment (HUMMER): a multicenter comparative observational study","volume":"15","author":"Mahabier","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-97"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-263"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-130","article-title":"A hinged external fixator for complex elbow dislocations: a multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Schep","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.05.022"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200201000-00007"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402501007"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11751-009-0070-3","article-title":"Long-term functional and quality of live assessment following post-traumatic distraction osteogenesis of the lower limb","volume":"4","author":"Schep","year":"2009","journal-title":"Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7351.1417"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altman DG . Practical statistics for medical research. London: Chapman and Hall, 1991.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429258589"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Vet HCW , Terwee CB , Mokkink LB , et al . Measurement in medicine. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511996214"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.33","unstructured":"Hinkle DE , Wiersma W , Jurs SG . Applied statistics for the behavioral sciences. Boston, USA: Houghton MiZin, 1998."},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.02.006"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.35","unstructured":"Streiner D , Norman G . Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use. 2nd edn. Oxford, UK: Oxford Medical, 1996."},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.36","unstructured":"Nunnally J , Bernstein I . Psychometric theory. 3rd edn. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1994."},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.37","unstructured":"De Vet HCW . Observer reliability and agreement. In: Armitage P , Colton T, eds . Encyclopedia of biostatistics. Boston: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1998:3123e8."},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/69.4.299a","article-title":"Reliability: consistency or differentiating among subjects?","volume":"69","author":"Stratford","year":"1989","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Streiner DL , Norma GR . Health measurement scales. A practical guide to their development and use. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198528470.001.0001"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.1.30"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.11.042"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.10.015"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013138911638"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462301107038","article-title":"Reproducibility and responsiveness of evaluative outcome measures. Theoretical considerations illustrated by an empirical example","volume":"17","author":"de Vet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.04.007"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01593882"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(89)90128-5"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-8-26"},{"key":"2025121400131922000_7.2.e012884.50","unstructured":"Cohen J . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988."}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012884","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T08:13:32Z","timestamp":1765700012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012884"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012884"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012884","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}}}