{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:14:27Z","timestamp":1785237267143,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of the present study was to explore the characteristics of workplace violence that Chinese nurses at tertiary and county\u2013level hospitals encountered in the 12 months from December 2014 to January 2016, to identify and analyse risk factors for workplace violence, and to establish the basis for future preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2013sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 44 tertiary hospitals and 90 county\u2013level hospitals in 16 provinces (municipalities or autonomous regions) in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used stratified random sampling to collect data from December 2014 to January 2016. We distributed 21\u2009360 questionnaires, and 15\u2009970 participants provided valid data (effective response rate=74.77%). We conducted binary logistic regression analyses on the risk factors for workplace violence among the nurses in our sample and analysed the reasons for aggression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of workplace violence was 65.8%; of this, 64.9% was verbal violence, and physical violence and sexual harassment accounted for 11.8% and 3.9%, respectively. Frequent workplace violence occurred primarily in emergency and paediatric departments. Respondents reported that patients\u2019 relatives were the main perpetrators in tertiary and county\u2013level hospitals. Logistic regression analysis showed that respondents\u2019 age, department, years of experience and direct contact with patients were common risk factors at different levels of hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Workplace violence is frequent in China\u2019s tertiary and county\u2013level hospitals; its occurrence is especially frequent in the emergency and paediatric departments. It is necessary to cope with workplace violence by developing effective control strategies at individual, hospital and national levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,24]],"date-time":"2017-06-24T20:10:18Z","timestamp":1498335018000},"page":"e013105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["A cross\u2013sectional study on the prevalence and associated risk factors for workplace violence against Chinese nurses"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operating Section, The First Affiliated 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