{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:03:12Z","timestamp":1783566192305,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) during pregnancy is poorly understood in Egypt\u2014a country with a high birth rate.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To determine the prevalence of ASB among pregnant women booking at El Hussein and Sayed Galal Hospitals in Al-Azhar University in Egypt; and to observe the relationship between ASB prevalence and risk factors such as socioeconomic level and personal hygiene.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Obstetrics and gynaecology clinics of 2 university hospitals in the capital of Egypt. Both hospitals are teaching and referral hospitals receiving referrals from across over the country. They operate specialist antenatal clinics 6\u2005days per week.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Participants<\/jats:title>\n A cross-sectional study combining the use of questionnaires and laboratory analysis was conducted in 171 pregnant women with no signs or symptoms of urinary tract infection (1 case was excluded). Samples of clean catch midstream urine were collected and cultured using quantitative urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 171 pregnant women, 1 case was excluded; 17 cases (10%, 95% CI 5.93% to 15.53%) were positive for ASB. There was a statistically significant relation between the direction of washing genitals and sexual activity per week\u2014and ASB.\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n was the most commonly isolated bacteria followed by\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n . Nitrofurantoin showed 100% sensitivity, while 88% of the isolates were resistant to cephalexin.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The prevalence of ASB seen in pregnant women in 2 tertiary hospitals in Egypt was 10%.\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n are the common organisms isolated. The direction of washing genitals and sexual activity significantly influences the risk of ASB. Pregnant women should be screened early for ASB during pregnancy; appropriate treatment should be given for positive cases according to antibiotic sensitivity screening. Cephalexin is likely to be of limited use in this management.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T20:20:29Z","timestamp":1490127629000},"page":"e013198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Prevalence of undiagnosed asymptomatic bacteriuria and associated risk factors during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study at two tertiary centres in Cairo, Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdel-Aziz Elzayat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University Egypt, Cairo, Egypt"},{"name":"Research Center for Public Health and Center for Global Health & Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashton","family":"Barnett-Vanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Public Health and Center for Global Health & Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Farag Elmorsy","family":"Dabour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University Egypt, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Public Health and Center for Global Health & Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121222362237000_7.3.e013198.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3329\/jdnmch.v17i2.12200","article-title":"Prevalence of urinary tract infection during pregnancy","volume":"17","author":"Parveen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dhaka Natl Med Coll Hosp"},{"key":"2025121222362237000_7.3.e013198.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2014.7323","article-title":"Urinary tract infection amongst pregnant women in Amassoma, Southern Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"Ebidor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr J Microbiol Res"},{"key":"2025121222362237000_7.3.e013198.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.59333","article-title":"Approach to urinary tract infections","volume":"19","author":"Najar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"key":"2025121222362237000_7.3.e013198.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-12-52","article-title":"Costs and effects of screening and treating low risk women with a singleton pregnancy for asymptomatic bacteriuria, the ASB study","volume":"12","author":"Kazemier","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025121222362237000_7.3.e013198.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0158031","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158031","article-title":"The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in Iranian pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Ghafari","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025121222362237000_7.3.e013198.6","first-page":"753","article-title":"Asymptomatic bacteriuria & obstetric outcome following treatment in early versus late pregnancy in north Indian women","volume":"137","author":"Jain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"2025121222362237000_7.3.e013198.7","first-page":"34","article-title":"A preliminary assessment of asymptomatic bacteriuria of pregnancy in Brunei Darussalam","volume":"21","author":"Muharram","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malaysian J Med Sci"},{"key":"2025121222362237000_7.3.e013198.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smaill F , Vazquez JC . 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