{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:27:45Z","timestamp":1774438065918,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterise the pattern of colonisation and serotypes of<jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who currently receive the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) according to vaccination status, use of antibiotics and steroids. To investigate the prevalence of PPV-23 and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) serotypes within the study cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A non-interventional, observational, prospective cohort study with a 12\u2009-month follow-up period inclusive of quarterly study visits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Beaumont Hospital and The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Clinical Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with an established diagnosis of COPD attending a tertiary medical centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Primary outcome measure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Colonisation rate of<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>in patients with COPD and characterisation of serotypes of<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>with correlation to currently available pneumococcal vaccines. Sputum and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected for the isolation of<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Secondary outcome measure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seasonality of colonisation of<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>and its relationship with the incidence of exacerbations of COPD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>was detected in 16 of 417 samples, a colonisation incident rate of 3.8% and in 11 of 133 (8%) patients at least once during the study. The majority of<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>isolates were identified in spring and were non-vaccine serotypes for either the PPV-23 or PCV-13 (63%). The colonisation incident rate of<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>fluctuated over the four seasons with a peak of 6.6% in spring and the lowest rate of 2.2% occurring during winter. Antibiotic use was highest during periods of low colonisation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is seasonal variation in<jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>colonisation among patients with COPD which may reflect antibiotic use in autumn and winter. The predominance of non-vaccine types suggests that PCV-13 may have limited impact among patients with COPD in Ireland who currently receive PPV-23.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p>NCT02535546; post-results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T00:10:15Z","timestamp":1499731815000},"page":"e013944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Colonisation of Irish patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>and analysis of the pneumococcal vaccine coverage: a non-interventional, observational, prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mandy","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Corcoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"McElligott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"MacHale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Breda","family":"Cushen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard W","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Humpreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0596PP"},{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.6.1542"},{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2012.02.003","article-title":"Pneumococcal infections: association with asthma and COPD","volume":"42","author":"Obert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.041822"},{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S82752","article-title":"Pathogens in COPD exacerbations identified by comprehensive real-time PCR plus older methods","volume":"10","author":"Shimizu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201310-350OC"},{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00938-7"},{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.05.010"},{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.05.010"},{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.04.085"},{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trivac.2016.04.004","article-title":"A post hoc assessment of duration of protection in CAPiTA (Community Acquired Pneumonia immunization Trial in Adults)","volume":"5","author":"Patterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trials Vaccinol"},{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408544"},{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1108-7"},{"key":"2024051611484396000_7.7.e013944.14","unstructured":"(GOLD) GIoLD. 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