{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:58:49Z","timestamp":1783547929671,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate young people's experiences of persistent musculoskeletal pain, including care needs and current service gaps as well as perceptions about the role of digital technologies to support their co-care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A qualitative study employing two independent data collection modes: in-depth individual semistructured interviews and focus groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Community settings throughout Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were included if they had experienced persistent musculoskeletal pain of &gt;3-month duration with an average of \u22653 on the visual analogue scale over the preceding 3\u2005months, including non-specific conditions (eg, low back pain) and specific conditions (eg, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and other systemic arthritides), with\/without pre-existing or current diagnosed mental health conditions. 23 young people (87.0% women; mean (SD) age: 20.8 (2.4) years) from across 6 Australian jurisdictions participated. Almost two-thirds of participants with persistent musculoskeletal pain reported comorbid mental health conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inductive and deductive approaches to analyse and derive key themes from verbatim transcripts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants described their daily experiences of living with persistent musculoskeletal pain, their fears and the challenges imposed by the invisibility of pain, and the two-way relationship between their pain and mental well-being. A lack of relevant and accessible information and resources tailored to young people's unique needs, integrated and youth-relevant healthcare services and adequately skilled healthcare practitioners were identified as key care gaps. Participants strongly advocated for the use of digital technologies to improve access to age-appropriate resources and support for co-care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Young people living with persistent musculoskeletal pain described the absence of age-appropriate pain services and clearly articulated their perceptions on the role of, and opportunities provided by, digital technologies to connect with and support improved pain healthcare. Innovative and digitally-enabled models of pain care are likely to be helpful for this group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,10]],"date-time":"2016-12-10T08:08:01Z","timestamp":1481357281000},"page":"e014007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Young people's experiences of persistent musculoskeletal pain, needs, gaps and perceptions about the role of digital technologies to support their co-care: a qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4868-4988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Slater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne E","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Sch\u00fctze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D","family":"Wark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6736-3098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew M","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.1","unstructured":"Slater H , Jordan JE , Chua J , et al . Young people's experiences of living with persistent pain, their interactions with health services and their needs and preferences for pain management including digital technologies. Melbourne, Western Australia: Arthritis and Osteoporosis Victoria and Arthritis and Osteoporosis Western Australia, 2016. http:\/\/www.move.org.au\/Research\/Funded-Research\/Completed\/Painful-Transitions ."},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.2","unstructured":"MBF Foundation. The high price of pain: the economic impact of persistent pain in Australia. Sydney, Australia, 2011. http:\/\/apo.org.au\/research\/high-price-pain-economic-impact-persistent-painaustralia (accessed 18 Aug 2014)."},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.3","unstructured":"Arthritis and Osteoporosis Victoria. A problem worth solving. Elsternwick: Arthritis and Osteoporosis Victoria, 2013. http:\/\/www.move.org.au\/Research\/Funded-Research\/Completed\/A-Problem-Worth-Solving (accessed 18 Aug 2014)"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181602131"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.07.016"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-447","article-title":"An international survey of pain in adolescents","volume":"14","author":"Swain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bmc Public Health"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.01.004"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.20.2433"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.618","article-title":"The epidemiology of pain in depression","volume":"19","author":"L\u00e9pine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharm Clin"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-272","article-title":"Chronic pain and pain-related disability across psychiatric disorders in a clinical adolescent sample","volume":"13","author":"Mangerud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bmc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0601-4","article-title":"Chronic multisite pain in adolescent girls and boys with emotional and behavioral problems: the Young-HUNT study","volume":"24","author":"Skrove","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Child Adoles Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.10140"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.13","unstructured":"IOM (Institute of Medicine). Relieving pain in America: a blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011. http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/13172\/relieving-pain-in-america-a-blueprint-for-transforming-prevention-care (accessed 8 Feb 2015)."},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S49151","article-title":"Enhancing early engagement with mental health services by young people","volume":"7","author":"Burns","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038037"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2016.08.005","article-title":"Models of care for addressing chronic musculoskeletal pain and health in children and adolescents","volume":"30","author":"Briggs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2016.08.005","article-title":"Models of care for addressing chronic musculoskeletal pain and health in children and adolescents","volume":"30","author":"Stinson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.18","unstructured":"Clarke AM , Kuosmanen T , Chambers D , et al . Bridging the digital disconnect: exploring youth, education, health and mental health professionals\u2019 views on using technology to promote young people's mental health. Melbourne, Australia: Health Promotion Research Centre National University of Ireland Galway and Inspire Ireland Foundation in collaboration with the Young and Well Cooperative Research Centre, 2014. http:\/\/ie.reachout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Bridging-the-digital-disconnect.pdf (accessed 16 Jul 2016)"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.07.014"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.21","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Young Australians: their health and wellbeing. Cat no PHE 140. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2011. http:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/publication-detail\/?id=10737419261 (accessed 18 Feb 2016)."},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.22","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Arthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions across the life stages. Arthritis Series. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2014. http:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/publication-detail\/?id=60129547059 (accessed 15 Oct 2016)."},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.07.001"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.09.017"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181f8f775"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90125-2"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.12.008"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-013-0036-x"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.6997.109"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.31","unstructured":"Strauss A , Corbin J . Basics of qualitative research: techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998."},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.32","unstructured":"Patton MC . Qualitative research and evaluation methods: integrating theory and practice. Saint Paul, MN: Sage Publishing, 2014."},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31827a6dd8"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12078"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215511420179"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1742395313476901"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638281003657857"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.01.002","article-title":"Factors related to seeking health care among adolescents with musculoskeletal pain","volume":"152","author":"Paananen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2012.00178.x","article-title":"Determinants of adolescent health care use for low back pain","volume":"16","author":"Tiira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0429-6","article-title":"Social influences on seeking help from mental health services, in-person and online, during adolescence and young adulthood","volume":"15","author":"Rickwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/935278","article-title":"iCanCope with pain: user-centred design of a web- and mobile-based self-management program for youth with chronic pain based on identified health care needs","volume":"19","author":"Stinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.01029.x","article-title":"Impact of self-reported musculoskeletal pain on health-related quality of life among young adults","volume":"12","author":"Paananen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2009.06.003"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.03.011"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.10148"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp13X675412"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.12.006"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20110396"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000143"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2013.769621","article-title":"Pain catastrophizing as repetitive negative thinking: a development of the conceptualization","volume":"42","author":"Flink","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.05.005"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.52","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. When musculoskeletal conditions and mental disorders occur together. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare , Australian Government, 2010. http:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/WorkArea\/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=6442452993 (accessed 18 Aug 2014)."},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22619","article-title":"Symptoms of depression and risk of new episodes of low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.09.018"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.07.198"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/321510"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.0000000000000014"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahlqwist A , Sallfors C . Experiences of low back pain in adolescents in relation to physiotherapy intervention. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2012;7. doi:10.3402\/qhw.v7i0.15471","DOI":"10.3402\/qhw.v7i0.15471"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montague AE , Varcin KJ , Parker AG . Putting technology into practice: evidence Parker and opinions on integrating technology with youth health services. Melbourne: Young and Well Cooperative Research Centre, 2014. http:\/\/www.youngandwellcrc.org.au\/ (accessed Nov 2015).","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244015581019"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.02.012"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2016.08.006","article-title":"Use of eHealth technologies to enable the implementation of musculoskeletal Models of Care: Evidence and practice","volume":"30","author":"Slater","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.07.034"},{"key":"2024051611512010000_6.12.e014007.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.03.005"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T19:12:09Z","timestamp":1715886729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}}}