{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T04:03:56Z","timestamp":1791691436327,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["300406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["300406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to establish an evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the primary management of obstetrical brachial plexus injury (OBPI). This clinical practice guideline addresses 4 existing gaps: (1) historic poor use of evidence, (2) timing of referral to multidisciplinary care, (3) Indications and timing of operative nerve repair and (4) distribution of expertise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The guideline is intended for all healthcare providers treating infants and children, and all specialists treating upper extremity injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The evidence interpretation and recommendation consensus team (Canadian OBPI Working Group) was composed of clinicians representing each of Canada's 10 multidisciplinary centres.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An electronic modified Delphi approach was used for consensus, with agreement criteria defined a priori. Quality indicators for referral to a multidisciplinary centre were established by consensus. An original meta-analysis of primary nerve repair and review of Canadian epidemiology and burden were previously completed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>7 recommendations address clinical gaps and guide identification, referral, treatment and outcome assessment: (1) physically examine for OBPI in newborns with arm asymmetry or risk factors; (2) refer newborns with OBPI to a multidisciplinary centre by 1\u2005month; (3) provide pregnancy\/birth history and physical examination findings at birth; (4) multidisciplinary centres should include a therapist and peripheral nerve surgeon experienced with OBPI; (5) physical therapy should be advised by a multidisciplinary team; (6) microsurgical nerve repair is indicated in root avulsion and other OBPI meeting centre operative criteria; (7) the common data set includes the Narakas classification, limb length, Active Movement Scale (AMS) and Brachial Plexus Outcome Measure (BPOM) 2\u2005years after birth\/surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The process established a new network of opinion leaders and researchers for further guideline development and multicentre research. A structured referral form is available for primary care, including referral recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,28]],"date-time":"2017-01-28T20:10:31Z","timestamp":1485634231000},"page":"e014141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Obstetrical brachial plexus injury (OBPI): Canada's national clinical practice guideline"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Coroneos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophocles H","family":"Voineskos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie K","family":"Christakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achilleas","family":"Thoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa C","family":"Brouwers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1973.tb02132.x","article-title":"Brachial palsy","volume":"80","author":"Tan","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001629","article-title":"Primary nerve repair for obstetrical brachial plexus injury: a meta-analysis","volume":"136","author":"Coroneos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144007"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/16.5.301","article-title":"Universal newborn hearing screening","volume":"16","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-628"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.6","first-page":"557","article-title":"Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in the Republic of Ireland: epidemiology and costs","volume":"100","author":"Farrell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00853"},{"issue":"18","key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Obstetrical lesion of the brachial plexus","volume":"42","author":"Gjorup","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000338429.66249.7D"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162204000258"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318262f26b","article-title":"Limb length differences after obstetrical brachial plexus injury: a growing concern","volume":"130","author":"Bain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-200507000-00001"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.09.036"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181a80798"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.15","first-page":"483","article-title":"Rehabilitation of brachial plexus injuries in adults and children","volume":"48","author":"Smania","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199604001-00014"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.17","first-page":"69","article-title":"Neurosurgical intervention for birth-related brachial plexus injuries","volume":"7","author":"Laurent","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosurg Q"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.18","first-page":"113","article-title":"Neonatal brachial plexus injury: obstetrical factors and neonatal management","volume":"4","author":"Mehta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2007.09.013"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.20","first-page":"40","article-title":"Remote therapeutic effect of early nerve transposition in treatment of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199905000-00006","article-title":"Comparison of the natural history, the outcome of microsurgical repair, and the outcome of operative reconstruction in brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"81","author":"Waters","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.79.2.0197","article-title":"Neurosurgical correction of upper brachial plexus birth injuries","volume":"79","author":"Laurent","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.23","unstructured":"Gilbert A , Tassin JL . Obstetrical palsy: a clinical, pathologic, and surgical review. In: Terzis JK , ed. Microreconstruction of nerve injuries. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1987:529."},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.12.PEDS0885"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-947147"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000305537.74910.bf"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000317314.54450.79"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.28","first-page":"33","article-title":"Recovery of hand function following nerve grafting and transfer in obstetric brachial plexus lesions","volume":"105","author":"Pondaag","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000170557.13788.D2"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920151105"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-011-2894-4"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318199f4eb"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318230a783"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang KWC , Justice D , Chung KC , et al . A systematic review of evaluation methods for neonatal brachial plexus palsy. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2013 [Epub ahead of print]. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23931766.","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.6.PEDS1263"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.7.1033"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31828bd52b","article-title":"Medical decision-making among adolescents with neonatal brachial plexus palsy and their families: a qualitative study","volume":"131","author":"Squitieri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162204000179"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200410000-00006","article-title":"Neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Outcome of absent biceps function at three months of age","volume":"86-A","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-837263"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389400900201"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026193"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(03)00081-0"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00264-X","article-title":"An approach to obstetrical brachial plexus injuries","volume":"11","author":"Clarke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200012000-00003"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00266-3","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of brachial plexus surgery in obstetrical palsy","volume":"11","author":"Gilbert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.46","unstructured":"Cancer Care Ontario. Program in evidence-based care handbook. 2012:1\u201314."},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgers JS , Smolders M , van der Weijden T , et al . Clinical practice guidelines as a tool for improving patient care. In: Grol R , Wensing M , Eccles M , Davis D , eds. Improving patient care: the implementation of change in health care. 2nd edn. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013 , chapter 6.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118525975.ch6"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462311000225","article-title":"Identification of research gaps from evidence-based guidelines: a pilot study in cystic fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.49","first-page":"83","article-title":"What is the best way to produce consensus and buy in to guidelines for rectal cancer?","volume":"8","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.4.436"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.51","unstructured":"Brouwers MC , Stacey D , O'Connor AM . Knowledge translation tools. In: Straus SE , Tetroe J , Graham ID , eds. Knowledge translation in health care: moving from evidence to practice. 1st edn. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009 , chapter 2.3."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.52","first-page":"S14","article-title":"Toward evidence-based quality improvement. Evidence (and its limitations) of the effectiveness of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies 1966\u20131998","volume":"21","author":"Grimshaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1995.13.2.502","article-title":"The practice guidelines development cycle: a conceptual tool for practice guidelines development and implementation","volume":"13","author":"Browman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198106297855"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.55","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Knowing what works in health care: a roadmap for the nation. Eden J , Wheatley B , McNeil B , Sox H , eds. Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2008."},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812467004"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.1999.0331"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.58","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Geneva, Switzerland: Organization WH, 2001."},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.59","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. The guidelines manual. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2012."},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2012.03.037","article-title":"Is the term \u201cobstetrical brachial plexus palsy\u201d obsolete? An international survey to assess consensus among peripheral nerve surgeons","volume":"65","author":"Phua","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.PEDS14703"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-7-10"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i","DOI":"10.3310\/hta2030","article-title":"Consensus development methods, and their use in clinical guideline development","volume":"2","author":"Murphy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.64","unstructured":"Linstone HA , Turnoff M , eds. The Delphi Method: techniques and applications. Don Mills: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 2002."},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.42.0489"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181a4b8e0"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.67","unstructured":"Fitch K , Bernstein SJ , Aguilar MD , et al . The RAND\/UCLA appropriateness method user's manual. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2001."},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7183.593"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6917.1467"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12194","article-title":"Psychometric properties of outcome measures for children and adolescents with brachial plexus birth palsy: a systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Bialocerkowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2012.05.002","article-title":"The brachial plexus outcome measure: development, internal consistency, and construct validity","volume":"25","author":"Ho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.72","unstructured":"Yorkhill Hospital, Glasgow NOBPIS. Guidelines on initial management and referral of Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy (cited 15 February 2014). http:\/\/www.brachialplexus.scot.nhs.uk\/files\/OBPIguides.pdf"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.73","unstructured":"Storment M . GUIDELINES FOR THERAPISTS: Treating Children with Brachial Plexus Injuries. 2014 (cited 15 February 2014). http:\/\/www.ubpn.org\/resources\/medical\/pros\/therapists\/122-therapyguidelins"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.74","unstructured":"Musson R . Management of Congenital Brachial Plexus Injury. North Trent Neonatal Netw. Guidel. 2011 (cited 15 February 2014). http:\/\/www.northtrentneonatal.nhs.uk\/UserFiles\/File\/BrachialplexusCOMPLETED.pdf"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.75","unstructured":"Barr S . Guideline for the management of Brachial Plexus Injury (BPI). 2010 (cited 15 February 2014). http:\/\/www.cardiffandvaleuhb.wales.nhs.uk\/opendoc\/195783"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.76","unstructured":"Crowther J , Losa D , Moran M . Guideline on Suspected\/Actual Brachial Plexus Injury or any other injury associated with the complications of a Shoulder Dystocia Delivery. 2013 (cited 15 February 2014). http:\/\/www.eastcheshire.nhs.uk\/About-The- Trust\/policies\/M\/Maternity Neonatal Brachial PlexusInjury1893.pdf"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.77","unstructured":"Specialty Specific Guidelines. 2013 (cited 15 February 2014). http:\/\/www.departmentofmedicine.com\/MAS\/documents\/mas_pediatrics.pdf"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.78","unstructured":"PAEDIATRIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY REFERRAL RECOMMENDATIONS. No Title. CPAC Guidel. Paediatr. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2012 (cited 15 February 2014). http:\/\/www.gp.health.wa.gov.au\/CPAC\/speciality\/guidelines\/Paediatric Plastic Surgery CPAC Referral Recommendations 2013.pdf"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/11.2.93","article-title":"Perinatal brachial plexus palsy","volume":"11","author":"Andersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920120307","article-title":"Brachial plexus microsurgery in children","volume":"12","author":"Hentz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10660.x"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199611000-00015"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00267034"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713813428"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.85","first-page":"27","article-title":"Effectiveness of primary conservative management for infants with obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"3","author":"Bialocerkowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2002.0815"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193409348185"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.26.2000153"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-010-9270-z","article-title":"Bone discrepancy as a powerful indicator for early surgery in obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"5","author":"Terzis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182a97e13"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-014-9625-y","article-title":"An early shoulder repositioning program in birth-related brachial plexus injury: a pilot study of the Sup-ER protocol","volume":"9","author":"Verchere","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.8.1283","article-title":"Opinion leaders\u2019 support for tobacco control policies and participation in tobacco control activities","volume":"90","author":"Howard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.93","first-page":"29","article-title":"The Delphi methodology (part one): a useful administrative approach","volume":"7","author":"Jairath","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can J Nurs Adm"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020476"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00099-D"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.6373"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7182.527"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s13187-013-0490-0","article-title":"Applying the knowledge to action framework to plan a strategy for implementing breast cancer screening guidelines: an interprofessional perspective","volume":"28","author":"Munce","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cancer Educ"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii","DOI":"10.3310\/hta8060","article-title":"Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies","volume":"8","author":"Grimshaw","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2025121222360966000_7.1.e014141.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akbari A , Mayhew A , Al-Alawi MA , et al . Interventions to improve outpatient referrals from primary care to secondary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(4):CD005471. doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD005471.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005471.pub2"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014141","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T06:36:26Z","timestamp":1765607786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014141","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}}}