{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:17:24Z","timestamp":1791346644067,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the clinical relevance of vitreous biomarkers in patients with uveitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicentre, prospective, observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uveitis outpatient clinics of two academic medical centres in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 234 eyes of 191 patients with various uveitis aetiologies: definitive sarcoidosis (61 eyes of 46 patients), suspected sarcoidosis (60 eyes of 45 patients), intraocular tumour (34 eyes of 27 patients), viral infection (20 eyes of 18 patients), non-sarcoidosis (16 eyes of 16 patients) and unknown aetiology (43 eyes of 39 patients).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Observation procedure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitreous samples (taken by pars planta vitrectomy) were analysed with flow cytometry, cytology and multiplex PCR analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome measures were the diagnostic values of various biomarkers (T cells, B cells and pathogen DNA) in vitreous samples. The secondary outcome was visual acuity after vitrectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sarcoidosis showed higher CD4\/CD8 or CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      measurements than other aetiologies (p&lt;0.01). In samples with viral infection, pathogen DNA was detected, and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      counts were higher than the other aetiologies (p&lt;0.01). Eyes with tumour had higher CD19\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      (p&lt;0.05). Non-sarcoidosis had lower CD4\/CD8 than sarcoidosis, higher CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      than sarcoidosis and lower CD19\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      than tumour (p&lt;0.01). Unknown uveitis had lower CD4\/CD8 than sarcoidosis (p&lt;0.01), and higher CD4\/CD8 than non-sarcoidosis, viral infection or tumour (p&lt;0.001). Visual acuity improved after vitrectomy (p&lt;0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uveitis aetiologies had distinct vitreous biomarker profiles, especially of infiltrating lymphocytes. Analyses of CD4\/CD8 ratio, T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte subset, and pathogen DNA in vitreous samples have good safety profiles and high diagnostic value for uveitis classification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UMIN000004980; Pre-results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T15:29:54Z","timestamp":1715873394000},"page":"e014549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Comprehensive analysis of vitreous specimens for uveitis classification: a prospective multicentre observational study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kazuichi","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Inaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunao","family":"Sugita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Center for Development Biology, Kobe, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Ichinohasama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematopathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical Dental University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121422353623000_7.11.e014549.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-012-0158-z"},{"key":"2025121422353623000_7.11.e014549.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70828-1"},{"key":"2025121422353623000_7.11.e014549.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.05.032"},{"key":"2025121422353623000_7.11.e014549.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.05.033"},{"key":"2025121422353623000_7.11.e014549.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273940902818861"},{"key":"2025121422353623000_7.11.e014549.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-015-0158-0","article-title":"First case of primary intraocular natural killer t-cell lymphoma","volume":"15","author":"Maruyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2025121422353623000_7.11.e014549.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.133967"},{"key":"2025121422353623000_7.11.e014549.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.156422"},{"key":"2025121422353623000_7.11.e014549.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.02.020","article-title":"Use of a comprehensive polymerase chain reaction system for diagnosis of ocular infectious diseases","volume":"120","author":"Sugita","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"2025121422353623000_7.11.e014549.10","first-page":"1399","article-title":"The high prevalence of asymptomatic Toxocara infection among school children in Manado, Indonesia","volume":"36","author":"Hayashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"2025121422353623000_7.11.e014549.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goto H , Usui Y , Umazume A , et al . 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