{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:01:36Z","timestamp":1791489696329,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Poor vitamin D status has been reported to be highly prevalent in many non-western immigrant groups living in Norway and other western countries. However, data on rickets are scarce, and the aim of the current study was to identify new cases of nutritional rickets in Norway in the period 2008\u20132012 among children under the age of 5 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Register-based cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Norwegian population from 2008 to 2012.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with nutritional rickets under the age of 5 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nutritional rickets. Patients with ICD10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision) diagnosis code E55.0 (active rickets) treated at all Norwegian hospitals were identified in the Norwegian Patient Registry. We were able to review 85% of the medical records for diagnosis confirmation. In addition, we identified patients with the diagnoses E55.9, E64.3 and E83.3 to identify individuals with rickets who had been given other diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nutritional rickets was confirmed in 39 children aged 0\u20134 years with the diagnosis of E55.0. In addition, three patients with the diagnosis of unspecified vitamin D deficiency (E55.9) were classified as having nutritional rickets, giving a total of 42 patients. Mean age at diagnosis was 1.40 years (range 0.1\u20133.5 years), and 93% had a non-western immigrant background. The incidence rate of rickets was estimated to be 0.3 per 10\u2009000 person-years in the total Norwegian child population under the age of 5 years and 3.1 per 10\u2009000 person-years in those with an immigrant background from Asia or Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of children with nutritional rickets in Norway remained low in the period 2008\u20132012. Nearly all children had a non-western immigrant background.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T20:10:16Z","timestamp":1496088616000},"page":"e015289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Nutritional rickets in Norway: a nationwide register-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Haakon E","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Skram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingvill Alm\u00e5s","family":"Berge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed A","family":"Madar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde Johanne","family":"Bj\u00f8rndalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2175","article-title":"Global consensus recommendations on prevention and management of nutritional rickets","volume":"101","author":"Munns","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.02.021"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602033"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.04.003"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508055712"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.6","unstructured":"Statistics\u00a0Norway. Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents Oslo. 2016. https:\/\/www.ssb.no\/statistikkbanken\/selecttable\/hovedtabellHjem.asp?KortNavnWeb=innvbef&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&PLanguage=1&checked=true 2016."},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.7","first-page":"715","article-title":"[Health problems among immigrant children in Norway]","volume":"121","author":"Brunvand","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0818"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.10.018"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60211-7","article-title":"Hospitalisation for children with rickets in England: a historical perspective","volume":"383","author":"Goldacre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.173195"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2012.11.018"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602982"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015001962","article-title":"Breast-feeding and complementary feeding practices in the first 6 months of life among Norwegian-Somali and Norwegian-Iraqi infants: the InnBaKost survey","volume":"19","author":"Grewal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8100602","article-title":"Food and nutrient intake among 12-month-old Norwegian-Somali and Norwegian-Iraqi infants","volume":"8","author":"Grewal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025120521434493000_7.5.e015289.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40985-016-0018-3","article-title":"Nutritional rickets in immigrant and refugee children","volume":"37","author":"Thacher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health Rev"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015289","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T05:43:54Z","timestamp":1764999834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015289","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}}}