{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T18:59:45Z","timestamp":1788980385515,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severe vitamin D deficiency is a recognised cause of skeletal muscle fatigue and myopathy. The aim of this study was to examine whether chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic\u2009encephalomyelitis (CFS\/ME) is associated with altered circulating vitamin D metabolites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UK university hospital, recruiting from April 2014 to April 2015.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-two patients with CFS\/ME and 94 age-matched healthy controls (HCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presence of a significant association between CFS\/ME, fatigue and vitamin D measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No evidence of a deficiency in serum total 25(OH) vitamin D (25(OH)D\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and 25(OH)D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      metabolites) was evident in individuals with CFS\/ME. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) analysis revealed that total 25(OH)D was significantly higher (p=0.001) in serum of patients with CFS\/ME compared with HCs (60.2 and 47.3\u2009nmol\/L, respectively). Analysis of food\/supplement diaries with WinDiets revealed that the higher total 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations observed in the CFS\/ME group were associated with increased vitamin D intake through use of supplements compared with the control group. Analysis of Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire data revealed no association between perceived fatigue and vitamin D levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low serum concentrations of total 25(OH)D do not appear to be a contributing factor to the level of fatigue of CFS\/ME.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]],"date-time":"2017-11-08T06:15:20Z","timestamp":1510121720000},"page":"e015296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Vitamin D status in chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a cohort study from the North-West of England"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kate E","family":"Earl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgos K","family":"Sakellariou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"},{"name":"GeneFirst Ltd, Culham Science Centre, Oxfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, 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UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Lawton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Dye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Appetite Research Unit, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, 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