{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:10:58Z","timestamp":1765825858899,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of immunocompromised patients has increased in recent years. Acute respiratory failure is a common complication leading to intensive care unit (ICU) admission and high mortality among such patients. The use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or oxygen therapy among these patients remains controversial, according to the inconsistent results of several randomised clinical trials (RCTs). This meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether NIV or oxygen therapy is the more appropriate initial oxygenation strategy for the immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We will search all the RCTs that compared the efficacy of NIV and oxygen therapy on immunocompromised adult patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure on the major databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and others), conference proceedings and grey literature. Eligible RCTs will be included in accordance with the pre-specified eligibility criteria. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration criteria and the quality of evidence will be assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Data will be extracted with a standardised form and analysed using RevMan V.5.3 analyses software. Heterogeneity will be assessed using I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic and the source of which will be investigated. Publication bias will be identified with the funnel plot.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethical approval is not required since it is not carried out in humans. The systematic review will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated extensively through conferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]],"date-time":"2017-07-17T14:51:31Z","timestamp":1500303091000},"page":"e015335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy of non-invasive ventilation and oxygen therapy on immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1918-9707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zongru","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juhong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianqiang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7158-3624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huadong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuezhong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69157-5"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70179-7"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011363","article-title":"Short-term and medium-term survival of critically ill patients with solid tumours admitted to the intensive care unit: a retrospective analysis","volume":"6","author":"Fisher","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.5500\/wjt.v4.i4.243","article-title":"What\u2019s new in clinical solid organ transplantation by 2013","volume":"4","author":"Salvadori","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Transplant"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1004383"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2011.02.002","article-title":"Sepsis and immune response","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.47.2365"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.8","first-page":"1118","article-title":"Non-invasive ventilation in patients with hematologic malignancy: a new prospective","volume":"81","author":"Squadrone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.02.010"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2012.01.003"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.1.9903059"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2008.01149.x"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2016.07.008","article-title":"Preventing ventilator-associated infections","volume":"37","author":"Mehta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3222-y","article-title":"Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure: trends in use and outcomes","volume":"40","author":"Schnell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.5.8173743"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208707"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196-200","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.1920-8642.2015.03.006","article-title":"Sequential invasive-noninvasive mechanical ventilation weaning strategy for patients after tracheostomy","volume":"6","author":"Pu","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31818699f6"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-1097-0","article-title":"The effects of a 2-h trial of high-flow oxygen by nasal cannula versus Venturi mask in immunocompromised patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure: a multicenter randomized trial","volume":"19","author":"Lemiale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.100071"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.2.235"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102153440703"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2011.160"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12402"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2011.232"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.26","first-page":"E100","article-title":"New puzzles for the use of non-invasive ventilation for immunosuppressed patients","volume":"8","author":"Barbas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.00801"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.29","unstructured":"Higgins JPT GS . Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0. www.cochrane-handbook.org 2011."},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201402-0364OC"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503326"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0289-y","article-title":"Noninvasive versus invasive mechanical ventilation for immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.03.018"},{"key":"2025121511051138000_7.6.e015335.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2012.08.024"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015335","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:05:20Z","timestamp":1765825520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015335","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}}}