{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T01:17:55Z","timestamp":1793063875989,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Council and CLAHRC West"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the effects of low-to-moderate levels of maternal alcohol consumption in pregnancy on pregnancy and longer-term offspring outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Search strategy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Psychinfo from inception to 11 July 2016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Selection criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective observational studies, negative control and quasiexperimental studies of pregnant women estimating effects of light drinking in pregnancy (\u226432\u2009g\/week) versus abstaining. Pregnancy outcomes such as birth weight and features of fetal alcohol syndrome were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data collection and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One reviewer extracted data and another checked extracted data. Random effects meta-analyses were performed where applicable, and a narrative summary of findings was carried out otherwise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      24 cohort and two quasiexperimental studies were included. With the exception of birth size and gestational age, there was insufficient data to meta-analyse or make robust conclusions. Odds of small for gestational age (SGA) and preterm birth were higher for babies whose mothers consumed up to 32\u2009g\/week versus none, but estimates for preterm birth were also compatible with no association: summary OR 1.08, 95% CI (1.02 to 1.14), I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      0%, (seven studies, all estimates were adjusted) OR 1.10, 95%\u2009CI (0.95 to 1.28), I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      60%, (nine studies, includes one unadjusted estimates), respectively. The earliest time points of exposure were used in the analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence of the effects of drinking \u226432\u2009g\/week in pregnancy is sparse. As there was some evidence that even light prenatal alcohol consumption is associated with being SGA and preterm delivery, guidance could advise abstention as a precautionary principle but should explain the paucity of evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T05:17:54Z","timestamp":1511241474000},"page":"e015410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Low alcohol consumption and pregnancy and childhood outcomes: time to change guidelines indicating apparently \u2018safe\u2019 levels of alcohol during pregnancy? 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