{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T09:48:51Z","timestamp":1770716931397,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"Introduction<\/jats:title>The association between early exposure to ambient air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in China is unclear. This study will assess the risk of early-life exposure to air pollutants in Beijing and explore the viability of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biological indicator to assess oxidative stress induced by early-life exposure to air pollution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>Here,<\/jats:bold> 2500 women with singleton pregnancies and their infants will be recruited from the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. We will collect nine types of biological samples, including maternal serum, urine, placental tissue, umbilical cord tissue and umbilical cord blood during all three trimesters. The air pollution data (particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM10 and similar factors) will be recorded at official fixed-site monitoring stations closest to where the pregnant women live. We plan to assess the effect of air pollutants on adverse pregnancy outcomes and infant respiratory and circulatory disease using Cox regression and competitive risk analysis and explore possible critical windows of exposure during pregnancy using daily pollutant concentrations averaged over various periods of pregnancy combined with individual activity and physiological parameters. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples (1000 samples) will be randomly selected for 8-OHdG assays to assess the correlation between exposures to air pollutants and oxidative stress. We will determine whether air pollutant exposure or 8-OHdG levels are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. SPSS and SAS statistical software will be used for data analysis. Cox regression and competing risk analysis will be used to compute the HR and population attributable risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>This research protocol has already been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Written informed consent will be obtained from all study participants prior to enrolment. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals or disseminated through conference presentations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>This study has been registered in WHO International Clinical Trial Register\u2014Chinese Clinical Trial Registry under registration<\/jats:p>number ChiCTR-ROC-16010181 (http<\/jats:ext-link>:\/\/<\/jats:ext-link>www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:ext-link>\/<\/jats:ext-link>showproj.aspx<\/jats:ext-link>?proj=17328<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-015895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]],"date-time":"2017-09-05T00:10:13Z","timestamp":1504570213000},"page":"e015895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Early-life exposure to air pollutants and adverse pregnancy outcomes: protocol for a prospective cohort study in Beijing"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3968-3916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi Yun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yin Mei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li Hong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan Yuan","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021070409300885000_7.9.e015895.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11452","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b02562","article-title":"The effect of economic growth, urbanization, and industrialization on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in China","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2021070409300885000_7.9.e015895.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.11.002","article-title":"Assessment of health burden caused by particulate matter in Southern China using high-resolution satellite observation","volume":"98","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2021070409300885000_7.9.e015895.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.11.004","article-title":"The association between lung cancer incidence and ambient air pollution in China: a spatiotemporal analysis","volume":"144","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2021070409300885000_7.9.e015895.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-015-0080-1"},{"key":"2021070409300885000_7.9.e015895.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olsson D , Mogren I , Forsberg B . 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