{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T04:43:01Z","timestamp":1765082581585,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite being considered a public health problem, no prevention programme for problem gambling in workplace settings has been scientifically evaluated. This study aims to fill a critical gap in the field of problem gambling by implementing and evaluating a large-scale prevention programme in organisations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten organisations, with a total of n=549 managers and n=8572 employees, will be randomised to either receiving a prevention programme or to a waitlist control condition. Measurements will be collected at the baseline and 3, 12 and 24 months after intervention. The primary outcome of interest is the managers\u2019 inclination to act when worried or suspicious about an employee\u2019s problem gambling or other harmful use. Additional outcomes of interest include the Problem Gambling Severity Index and gambling habits in both managers and employees. Furthermore, qualitative analyses of the responses from semistructured interviews with managers will be performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has been approved by the regional ethics board of Stockholm, Sweden, and it will contribute to the body of knowledge concerning prevention of problem gambling. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed, open-access journals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT02925286; Pre-results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-015963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T20:10:22Z","timestamp":1506456622000},"page":"e015963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of a workplace prevention programme for problem gambling: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6292-4389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Rafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Rozental","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2172-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Carlbring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.1","unstructured":"Neal P , Delfabbro P , O\u2019Neil M . Problem gambling and harm: towards a national definition. 2005."},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2005.09.004"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-014-9312-8","article-title":"Suicidality in non-treatment seeking young adults with subsyndromal gambling disorder","volume":"85","author":"Grant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/104012371602800107","article-title":"The association between pathological gambling and suicidality in treatment-seeking pathological gamblers in South Africa","volume":"28","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03300.x"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9396-3","article-title":"Gambling and problem gambling in Sweden: changes between 1998 and 2009","volume":"30","author":"Abbott","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.7","article-title":"Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling","volume":"11","author":"Cowlishaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.12.011","article-title":"The efficacy of motivational interviewing for disordered gambling: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Yakovenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.9","unstructured":"Folkh\u00e4lsoinstitut S . Att f\u00f6rebygga spelproblem [Preventing problem gambling]. 2010."},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-016-0110-2","article-title":"Latest developments in treatment for disordered gambling: review and critical evaluation of outcome studies","volume":"3","author":"Yakovenko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Addict Rep"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20151"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1087","article-title":"The concerned significant others of people with gambling problems in a national representative sample in Sweden\u2014a 1 year follow-up study","volume":"13","author":"Svensson","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.13","unstructured":"Statens folkh\u00e4lsoinstitut. Spel: Kunskapsunderlag F\u00f6r Folkh\u00e4lsopolitisk Rapport 2010. \u00d6stersund: Statens folkh\u00e4lsoinstitut; 2011, Rapport nr: R 2011:19."},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-013-9429-2","article-title":"Problem gambling prevention: before, during, and after measures","volume":"11","author":"Ariyabuddhiphongs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.15","unstructured":"Rodgers B , Suomi A , Davidson T . Preventive interventions for gambling: a public health perspective. 2015."},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9398-1","article-title":"Prevention of problematic gambling behavior among adolescents: testing the efficacy of an integrative intervention","volume":"30","author":"Donati","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-010-0212-x","article-title":"Stacked Deck: an effective, school-based program for the prevention of problem gambling","volume":"31","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Prim Prev"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.08.017","article-title":"Do workplace policies work? An examination of the relationship between alcohol and other drug policies and workers' substance use","volume":"28","author":"Pidd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1515\/nsad-2016-0020","article-title":"Preventing and responding to gambling-related harm and crime in the workplace","volume":"33","author":"Binde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2005.05.002","article-title":"Internet vs. paper and pencil administration of questionnaires commonly used in panic\/agoraphobia research","volume":"23","author":"Carlbring","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.21","unstructured":"Alna. Spelf\u00f6rebyggande insatser f\u00f6r arbetslivet: fokus p\u00e5 unga vuxna [Gambling prevention in the workplace, targeting young adults]. Stockholm: Alna & Rodeo, 2015."},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.22","unstructured":"Alna. Mall f\u00f6r arbete med spel och spelproblem p\u00e5 arbetsplatsen\u00a0[Template for working with gambling and problem gambling in the workplace]. 2015."},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.23","unstructured":"Nyqvist M . Checklista f\u00f6r chefer vid spelproblem [Problem gambling checklist for managers]. 2015."},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.24","unstructured":"Wynne H , Ferris J . The Canadian problem gambling index: final report. 2001."},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9107-7"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1449","article-title":"The Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study (Swelogs): design and methods of the epidemiological (EP-) track","volume":"23","author":"Romild","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.27","unstructured":"Statens Folkh\u00e4lsoinstitut. Spel om pengar och spelproblem i Sverige 2009\/2010 [Gambling and problem gambling in Sweden 2009\/2010]. 2012."},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2016.09.006","article-title":"Features and functionality of the Iterapi platform for internet-based psychological treatment","volume":"6","author":"Vlaescu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7586","article-title":"SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials","volume":"346","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snijders TAB . Multilevel analysis. In: Lovric M , ed. International encyclopedia of statistical science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2011:879\u201382.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04898-2_387"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7211.670"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018726708094863"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029600500302"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.34","unstructured":"Graham JW . Missing data\u2014analysis and design. 2007."},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2393","article-title":"Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: potential and pitfalls","volume":"338","author":"Sterne","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.01.012","article-title":"Including auxiliary item information in longitudinal data analyses improved handling missing questionnaire outcome data","volume":"68","author":"Eekhout","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2015.02.003","article-title":"Modeling individual differences in randomized experiments using growth models: recommendations for design, statistical analysis and reporting of results of internet interventions","volume":"2","author":"Hesser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heo M , Leon AC . Sample size requirements to detect an intervention by time interaction in longitudinal cluster randomized clinical trials Moonseong. 2009;28:1017\u201327.","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3527"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rose G . The strategy of preventive medicine. University Press: Oxford, 1992.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192624864.001.0001"},{"key":"2025120619203216000_7.9.e015963.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.023","article-title":"the extent and distribution of gambling-related harms and the prevention paradox in a British population survey","volume":"5","author":"Canale","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-015963","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T03:20:46Z","timestamp":1765077646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-015963"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-015963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-015963","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2044-6055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2044-6055"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}}}