{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:02:18Z","timestamp":1785888138593,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Support Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Chinese National Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our study aimed to distinguish the ability of anthropometric indices to assess the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Shenyang, China.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 379 residents aged between 40 and 65 were enrolled. 253 of them were free of MetS and had been followed up for 4.5 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At baseline, all the participants underwent a thorough medical examination. A variety of anthropometric parameters were measured and calculated, including waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index, body roundness index, conicity index, waist-to-hip ratio and visceral adiposity index (VAI). After 4.5\u2009year follow-up, we re-examined whether participants were suffering from MetS. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to examine the potential of the above indices to identify the status and risk of MetS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Occurrence of MetS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At baseline, 33.2% participants suffered from MetS. All of the anthropometric indices showed clinical significance, and VAI was superior to the other indices as it was found to have the largest area under the ROC curve. After a 4.5\u2009year follow-up, 37.8% of men and 23.9% of women developed MetS. ROC curve analysis suggested that baseline BMI was the strongest predictor of MetS for men (0.77 (0.68\u20130.85)), and AVI was the strongest for women (0.72 (0.64\u20130.79)). However, no significant difference was observed between WC and both indices. In contrast, the baseline ABSI did not predict MetS in both genders.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The present study indicated that these different indices derived from anthropometric parameters have different discriminatory abilities for MetS. Although WC did not have the largest area under the ROC curve for diagnosing and predicting MetS, it may remain a better index of MetS status and risk because of its simplicity and wide use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,19]],"date-time":"2017-09-19T20:10:17Z","timestamp":1505851817000},"page":"e016062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Comparison of anthropometric indices for predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in Chinese adults: a prospective, longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aihua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianxiao","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenling","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyan","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.4.683"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0879"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.75"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03841.x"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20223","article-title":"Abdominal visceral fat measurement using dual-energy X-ray: association with cardiometabolic risk factors","volume":"21","author":"Rothney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.06.067"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.7","first-page":"1","article-title":"High body mass index is an indicator of maternal hypothyroidism, hypothyroxinemia, and thyroid-peroxidase antibody positivity during early pregnancy","volume":"2015","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed res int"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.03.001","article-title":"Optimal waist circumference cutoffs for abdominal obesity in Chinese","volume":"201","author":"Bao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.9","article-title":"A body shape index and body roundness index: two new body indices to identify diabetes mellitus among rural populations in northeast China","volume":"15","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public\u00a0health"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1825"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(03)00073-0","article-title":"Abdominal volume index. An anthropometry-based index for estimation of obesity is strongly related to impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"34","author":"Guerrero-Romero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch med res"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.38"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2012-038","article-title":"Association of waist circumference, body mass index and conicity index with cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women","volume":"23","author":"Shidfar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.14","first-page":"28431","article-title":"The effects of serum ANGPTL8\/betatrophin on the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome - a prospective study","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci\u00a0rep"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Circulating betatrophin is increased in patients with overt and subclinical hypothyroidism","volume":"2016","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed res int"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2011.0018"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070893","article-title":"Comparison of various anthropometric and body fat indices in identifying cardiometabolic disturbances in Chinese men and women","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.19","first-page":"79","article-title":"Comparison of waist to height ratio and body indices for prediction of metabolic disturbances in the Korean population: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011","volume":"15","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC endocr\u00a0disord"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-16172","article-title":"Body fat and blood rheology: evaluation of the association between different adiposity indices and blood viscosity","volume":"65","author":"Tripolino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin hemorheol microcirc"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531595"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.22","first-page":"20691","article-title":"Effects of obesity related genetic variations on visceral and subcutaneous fat distribution in a chinese population","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci\u00a0rep"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057319","article-title":"Impact of waist circumference and body mass index on risk of cardiometabolic disorder and cardiovascular disease in chinese adults: a national diabetes and metabolic disorders survey","volume":"8","author":"Hou","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS one"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-014-4175-1","article-title":"Predictive value of visceral adiposity index for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 15-year prospective cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Herz"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.25","first-page":"136","article-title":"Visceral adiposity index and risks of cardiovascular events and mortality in prevalent hemodialysis patients","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc\u00a0diabetol"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114112","article-title":"Surrogate markers of visceral adiposity in young adults: waist circumference and body mass index are more accurate than waist hip ratio, model of adipose distribution and visceral adiposity index","volume":"9","author":"Borruel","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS one"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.08.011","article-title":"Could \u201ca body shape index\u201d and \u201cwaist to height ratio\u201d predict insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome?","volume":"205","author":"Behboudi-Gandevani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.10.021"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.29","first-page":"390","article-title":"[Chinese guidelines on prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults]","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Motamed N , Sohrabi M , Poustchi H , et al . The six obesity indices, which one is more compatible with metabolic syndrome? A population based study. Diabetes metab\u00a0syndr 2017;11.doi:10.1016\/j.dsx.2016.08.024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2016.08.024"},{"key":"2025101811075198000_7.9.e016062.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100223","article-title":"Body mass index, waist circumference, body adiposity index, and risk for type 2 diabetes in two populations in Brazil: general and Amerindian","volume":"9","author":"Alvim","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS\u00a0one"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T18:08:00Z","timestamp":1760810880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016062","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}}}