{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:24:42Z","timestamp":1790425482175,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with small for gestational age (SGA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Elsevier ScienceDirect library was conducted to identify relevant articles reporting prospective cohort studies in English, with the last report included published in February 2017. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the correlation in a random effects model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 13 cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis with a sample of 28\u2009285 individuals from seven countries. The pooled overall OR for babies born SGA was 1.588 (\n                      <jats:italic>95%<\/jats:italic>\n                      CI 1.138 to 2.216; p\n                      <jats:italic>&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.01) for women with vitamin D deficiency. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy varied from 13.2% to 77.3%. Subgroup analyses identified no significant differences in the association between vitamin D deficiency and SGA based on study quality, gestational week during which blood sampling was performed, cut-off vitamin D levels, sample size, adjustment for critical confounders and method for measuring vitamin D.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis suggests that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of SGA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,27]],"date-time":"2017-08-27T20:10:42Z","timestamp":1503864642000},"page":"e016404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Association between maternal vitamin D deficiency and small for gestational age: evidence from a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangbiao","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2006.19.3.203","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and rickets","volume":"19","author":"Finberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.11.003"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0796-0","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and supplementation in pregnancy in a multiethnic population-based cohort","volume":"16","author":"Eggemoen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4407"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.765849"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1169","article-title":"Association between maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"346","author":"Aghajafari","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60364-4"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-016-2740-8","article-title":"Defining small-for-gestational-age: prescriptive versus descriptive birthweight standards","volume":"175","author":"Hoftiezer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12381"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-58","article-title":"Associations between preterm birth, small-for-gestational age, and neonatal morbidity and cognitive function among school-age children in Nepal","volume":"14","author":"Christian","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60993-9"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1797"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.196949","article-title":"Altered cardiovascular rhythmicity in children born small for gestational age","volume":"60","author":"Wolfenstetter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.733767","article-title":"Renal function is impaired in small for gestational age premature infants","volume":"26","author":"Aly","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451000022X"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3275"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515003980","article-title":"Early pregnancy vitamin D status and risk for adverse maternal and infant outcomes in a bi-ethnic cohort: the Behaviors Affecting Baby and You (B.A.B.Y.) Study","volume":"114","author":"Nobles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516000623","article-title":"The association of maternal vitamin D status with infant birth outcomes, postnatal growth and adiposity in the first 2 years of life in a multi-ethnic Asian population: the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort study","volume":"116","author":"Ong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d5a4a3"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009981"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2012.04.015"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.99","article-title":"Associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and pregnancy outcomes: a prospective observational study in southern China","volume":"68","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7053427","article-title":"High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant Korean women: the first trimester and the winter season as risk factors for vitamin D deficiency","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.130419"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.076034"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516003202","article-title":"The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in early pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in a large, prospective cohort","volume":"116","author":"Boyle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0327-3","article-title":"Suboptimal maternal vitamin D status and low education level as determinants of small-for-gestational-age birth weight","volume":"52","author":"van den Berg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.123752"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.160929"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15513815.2013.879239"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2012.01132.x","article-title":"Changes in the maternal cytokine profile in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction","volume":"68","author":"Mullins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.02.005"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfi254"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e3181dbc55b"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.20161343T2","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy","volume":"134","author":"De-Regil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1154"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3491"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.02.019"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2012.01283.x","article-title":"Vitamin D during pregnancy and maternal, neonatal and infant health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26\u00a0(Suppl 1)","author":"Thorne-Lyman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025121409124195000_7.8.e016404.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X16656810"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T17:12:49Z","timestamp":1765732369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016404","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}}}