{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:08:17Z","timestamp":1789661297382,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although there has been a decrease in the number of cases of salmonellosis in the European Union, it still represents the primary cause of foodborne outbreaks. In Calabria region, data are lacking for the incidence of human non-typhoid salmonellosis as active surveillance has never been carried out.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To report the results of a laboratory and patient-based morbidity survey in Calabria to describe the incidence and distribution of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      serovars isolated from humans, with a focus on antimicrobial resistance patterns.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Positive cultures from human samples were collected from every laboratory participating in the surveillance, with a minimum set of information about each isolate. A questionnaire was then administered to the patients by telephone interview to assess the potential risk exposures.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates underwent biochemical identification, molecular analysis by PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disk-diffusion method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During a 2-year period, 105 strains of\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp were isolated from samples of patients with diarrhoea, with the highest isolation rate for children aged 1\u20135\u2009years. The standardised rate was 2.7 cases per 1\u200900\u2009000 population. The most common\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates belonged to monophasic variant of\n                      <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Typhimurium (\n                      <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                      4,[5],12:i:-) (33.3%), followed by\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typhimurium (21.9%). 30.5% of the isolates were susceptible to all microbial agents tested and the most common pan-susceptible serotype was\n                      <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Napoli (100%).\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . 4,[5],12:i:- was resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides and tetracyclines in 42.9% cases, while resistance to quinolones was seen in 14.3% of the isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results provide evidence that an active surveillance system effectively enhances\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      notifications. The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, including resistance to quinolones and multiresistance, enforces the need to strengthen strategies of surveillance and monitoring of antimicrobial use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T05:17:54Z","timestamp":1511241474000},"page":"e017037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Non-typhoidal\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    in Calabria, Italy: a laboratory and patient-based survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Mascaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u2018Magna Gr\u00e6cia\u2019, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Pileggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u2018Magna Gr\u00e6cia\u2019, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Crin\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u2018Magna Gr\u00e6cia\u2019, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolande Therese Rose","family":"Proroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Microbiology-Centro Pilota Tipizzazione Salmonelle, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Carullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Microbiology-Centro Pilota Tipizzazione Salmonelle, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Graziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica Veterinaria e Sicurezza Alimentare, Reparto di Epidemiologia Veterinaria e analisi del rischio, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Arigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Tutela della Salute, Task Force per le Attivit\u00e0 Veterinarie, Regione Calabria, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Turno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Tutela della Salute, Task Force per le Attivit\u00e0 Veterinarie, Regione Calabria, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Pavia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro \u2018Magna Gr\u00e6cia\u2019, Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121603022625000_7.9.e017037.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/650733"},{"key":"2025121603022625000_7.9.e017037.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/381602"},{"key":"2025121603022625000_7.9.e017037.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812002166","article-title":"Community incidence of pathogen-specific gastroenteritis: reconstructing the surveillance pyramid for seven pathogens in seven European Union member states","volume":"141","author":"Haagsma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2025121603022625000_7.9.e017037.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-147"},{"key":"2025121603022625000_7.9.e017037.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.27.20519"},{"key":"2025121603022625000_7.9.e017037.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/541340,10.1155\/2014\/541340"},{"key":"2025121603022625000_7.9.e017037.7","unstructured":"Servizio Sanitario della Toscana. \u00a0Linee Guida per la\u00a0corretta gestione degli episodi di malattie veicolate da alimenti. http:\/\/www.epicentro.iss.it\/problemi\/tossinfezioni\/ pdf\/LineeGuidaToscanaTossinfezioni.pdf (accessed 5 Aug 2016)."},{"key":"2025121603022625000_7.9.e017037.8","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 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