{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:25:02Z","timestamp":1791271502350,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","funder":[{"name":"National Centre for Emergency Primary Health Care, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Institute for Studies of the Medical Profession (LEFO), Oslo, Norway"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate whether reported prevalence of experienced threats, real acts of violence and debilitating fear of violence among Norwegian doctors have increased over the last two decades.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Repeated cross-sectional survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>All healthcare levels and medical specialties in Norway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Representative samples of Norwegian doctors in 1993 (n=2628) and 2014 (n=1158).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relative risk (RR) of self-reported prevalence of work-time experiences of threats and real acts of violence, and of being physically or psychologically unfit during the last 12 months due to fear of violence, in 2014 compared with 1993, adjusted by age, gender and medical specialty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no differences in self-reported threats (adjusted RR=1.01, 95%\u2009CI 0.95 to 1.08) or real acts (adjusted RR=0.90, 95%\u2009CI 0.80 to 1.03) of violence when comparing 2014 with 1993. The proportion of doctors who had felt unfit due to fear of violence decreased from 1993 to 2014 (adjusted RR=0.53, 95%\u2009CI 0.39 to 0.73). Although still above average, the proportion of doctors in psychiatry who reported real acts of violence decreased substantially from 1993 to 2014 (adjusted RR=0.75, 95%\u2009CI 0.60 to 0.95).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A substantial proportion of doctors experience threats and real acts of violence during their work-time career, but there was no evidence that workplace violence has increased over the last two decades. 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