{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:55:54Z","timestamp":1790740554977,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been related to increased rates of unintentional injuries. However, the magnitude of the effect and to which extent variables such as sex, age or comorbidity can influence this relationship is unknown. Additionally, and importantly, it is unclear if, and to which degree, ADHD medications can decrease the number of unintentional injuries. Due to the amount of economic and social resources invested in the treatment of injuries, filling these gaps in the literature is highly relevant from a public health standpoint. Here, we present a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between ADHD and unintentional injuries and assess the impact of pharmacological treatment for ADHD<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will combine results from 114 bibliographic databases for studies relating ADHD and risk of injuries. Bibliographic searches and data extraction will be carried out independently by two researchers. The studies\u2019 risk of bias will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Articles reporting ORs or HRs of suffering an injury in ADHD compared with controls (or enough data to calculate them) will be combined using Robust Variance Estimation, a method that permits to include multiple non-independent outcomes in the analysis. All analyses will be carried out in Stata. Age, sex and comorbid conduct disorders will be considered as potential causes of variance and their effect analysed through meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Sensitivity analyses will exclude articles with longer follow-ups, non-stringent definitions of ADHD or controls and statistically uncontrolled\/controlled outcomes. Studies implementing a self-controlled case series methodology to investigate if ADHD drugs reduce the risk of injuries will be combined with a generalised linear mixed model using the Poisson distribution and a log link function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration details<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO\u2014Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42017064967)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T20:10:22Z","timestamp":1506456622000},"page":"e018027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Risk of unintentional injuries in children and adolescents with ADHD and the impact of ADHD medications: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Maite","family":"Ruiz-Goikoetxea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, Servicio de Urgencias Extrahospitalarias, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuele","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton, Academic Unit of Psychology, Southampton, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maite","family":"Aznarez-Sanado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Educaci\u00f3n y Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Magallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Educaci\u00f3n y Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elkin O","family":"Luis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Educaci\u00f3n y Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noelia Alvarez","family":"Zallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, Servicio de Urgencias Extrahospitalarias, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar de","family":"Castro-Manglano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psiquiatr\u00eda y Psicolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Unidad de Psiquiatr\u00eda Infantil y Adolescente, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Soutullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psiquiatr\u00eda y Psicolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Unidad de Psiquiatr\u00eda Infantil y Adolescente, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3085-8959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Arrondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Cultura y Sociedad (ICS), Grupo Mente-Cerebro, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121605374428000_7.9.e018027.1","unstructured":"Peden M , Oyegbite K , Ozanne-Smith J , et al . 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