{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T02:12:30Z","timestamp":1794276750636,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","funder":[{"name":"AREMCAR Association"},{"name":"French Ministry of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) Assess the population-level probability of prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly for four major congenital heart defects; (2) Examine, using population-based data, the relation between timing of (prenatal vs postnatal) diagnosis and risk of infant (ie, &lt; 1 year) mortality for four major congenital heart defects (CHDs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population-based cohort (the EPId\u00e9miologie des CARDiopathies cong\u00e9nitales) study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Greater Paris area (Paris and its surrounding suburbs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred and fifty-four cases of four major CHDs, including functionally univentricular heart (FUH, N=132), d-transposition of great arteries (d-TGA, N=85), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF, N=60) and coarctation of aorta (CoA, N=77). Statistical analysis included the Mantel-Haenszel method and a test of homogeneity of risk ratios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 95% of FUH, more than two-thirds of d-TGA and TOF, and 40% of CoA were prenatally diagnosed. Overall, we did not find any statistically significant association between timing of (prenatal vs postnatal) diagnosis of CHD and risk of infant mortality (Mantel-Haenszel risk ratio 1.1, 95% CI 0.5 \u2013 2.7); and the differences between the risk ratios of the association between prenatal diagnosis and infant mortality across the four CHDs was not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results imply that at least in the settings where specialised services are readily available, survival may no longer be the most relevant outcome, or the best criterion, for evaluating the impact of prenatal diagnosis on the outcome of CHD. The beneficial effects of prenatal diagnosis may be better sought by looking at more \u2019subtle' or long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T01:05:22Z","timestamp":1510189522000},"page":"e018285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Impact of prenatal diagnosis on survival of newborns with four congenital heart defects: a prospective, population-based cohort study in France (the EPICARD Study)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Babak","family":"Khoshnood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOP\u00e9), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 (CRESS), DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Lelong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucile","family":"Houyel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Congenital heart defects surgery unit, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Le Plessis Robinson, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Congenital Heart Defects Reference Center - M3C-Necker, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgane","family":"Ballon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOP\u00e9), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 (CRESS), DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Jouannic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Pluridisciplinaire de Diagnostic Pr\u00e9natal, UPMC, H\u00f4pital Trousseau, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Goffinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR 1153, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOP\u00e9), Center for Epidemiology and Statistics, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9 (CRESS), DHU Risks in Pregnancy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France"},{"name":"Maternit\u00e9 de Port-Royal, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Broca-H\u00f4tel Dieu, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121511293859000_7.11.e018285.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.958405"},{"key":"2025121511293859000_7.11.e018285.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(01)01507-1"},{"key":"2025121511293859000_7.11.e018285.3","unstructured":"EUROCAT Central Registry UoU. 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