{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T14:44:27Z","timestamp":1775486667469,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"The Danish Council for Independent Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association between postpartum urinary tract infection and intended mode of delivery as well as actual mode of delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All live births in Denmark between 2004 and 2010 (n=450\u2009856). Births were classified by intended caesarean delivery (n=45\u2009053) or intended vaginal delivery (n=405\u2009803), and by actual mode of delivery: spontaneous vaginal delivery, operative vaginal delivery, emergency or planned caesarean delivery in labour or prelabour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome measure was postpartum urinary tract infection (n=16\u2009295) within 30 days post partum, defined as either a diagnosis of urinary tract infection in the National Patient Registry or redemption of urinary tract infection-specific antibiotics recorded in the Register of Medicinal Product Statistics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that 4.6% of women with intended caesarean delivery and 3.5% of women with intended vaginal delivery were treated for postpartum urinary tract infection.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Women with intended caesarean delivery had a significantly increased risk of postpartum urinary tract infection compared with women with intended vaginal delivery (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.40), after adjustment for age at delivery, smoking, body mass index, educational level, gestational diabetes mellitus, infection during pregnancy, birth weight, preterm delivery, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes, pre-eclampsia, parity and previous caesarean delivery (adjusted OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.46).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Using actual mode of delivery as exposure, all types of operative delivery had an equally increased risk of postpartum urinary tract infection compared with spontaneous vaginal delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with intended vaginal delivery, intended caesarean delivery was significantly associated with a higher risk of postpartum urinary tract infection. Future studies should focus on reducing routine catheterisation prior to operative vaginal delivery as well as improving procedures related to catheterisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T10:10:27Z","timestamp":1521022227000},"page":"e018479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Postpartum urinary tract infection by mode of delivery: a Danish nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6037-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina Djernis","family":"Gundersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lone","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Holbaek Sygehus, Holbaek, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen Christine Leth","family":"Loekkegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steen Christian","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Glavind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tine Dalsgaard","family":"Clausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121605354650000_8.3.e018479.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12008"},{"key":"2025121605354650000_8.3.e018479.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(98)00047-2"},{"key":"2025121605354650000_8.3.e018479.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.11.018"},{"key":"2025121605354650000_8.3.e018479.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3182714734","article-title":"Postoperative infections in obstetrics and gynecology","volume":"55","author":"Jaiyeoba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025121605354650000_8.3.e018479.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0705.010511"},{"key":"2025121605354650000_8.3.e018479.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340903147405"},{"key":"2025121605354650000_8.3.e018479.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1059806","article-title":"Increased postpartum maternal complications after cesarean section compared with vaginal delivery in 225\u2009304 Taiwanese women","volume":"29","author":"Hung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2025121605354650000_8.3.e018479.8","unstructured":"NICE. 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