{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:35:12Z","timestamp":1770741312549,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to explore the impact of gender, birth weight, maternal age, type of delivery, gestational age and feeding practices on the eruption of teeth in children with no underlying medical conditions or developmental defects in their first year of life.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional observational study design was used.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A primary healthcare setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All children in their first year of life attending a vaccination clinic (n=422) were included in the study. Infants with chronic childhood illnesses, those who were below the 5th percentile in height or weight, infants with congenital birth defects and chronic illnesses, infants who were born preterm and low birth weight infants were excluded from the study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The type of delivery, birth weight, age of mother, height and weight percentile for age (as plotted on the WHO growth chart for infants) and feeding practices were recorded by the examiner, and this was followed by a clinical examination to determine the presence or absence of each tooth. Regression models were developed to determine the effect of the different variables on the presence of primary teeth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was a significant association between the weight percentile of the child (adjusted for age) and the number of erupted primary teeth, suggesting that heavier children have an earlier eruption of teeth. No association was observed between birth weight, height percentile for age or maternal age at the time of birth and the number of erupted primary teeth. Children who were exclusively breast fed were significantly more likely to have an erupted first primary tooth earlier than non-breastfed group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Breast feeding and the weight of the child may have an influence on the eruption of primary teeth in the first year of life.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,16]],"date-time":"2017-12-16T00:35:34Z","timestamp":1513384534000},"page":"e018621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Impact of birth characteristics, breast feeding and vital statistics on the eruption of primary teeth among healthy infants in Saudi Arabia: an observational study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Kholoud Abdullah","family":"Alnemer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5052-5986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharat Chandra","family":"Pani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alaa M","family":"Althubaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences\/King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manal","family":"Bawazeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah Specialized Children\u2019s Hospital, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences\/King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1875-9572(10)60044-7","article-title":"Relationship between birth weight and time of first deciduous tooth eruption in 143 consecutively born infants","volume":"51","author":"Sajjadian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Neonatol"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345840630011601"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(73)90024-1"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.4","first-page":"909","article-title":"Mothers\u2019 practices during pregnancy, lactation and care of their children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","volume":"23","author":"Al-Othman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000856","article-title":"Genome-wide association study reveals multiple loci associated with primary tooth development during infancy","volume":"6","author":"Pillas","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/03014468400006881","article-title":"Number of teeth at the age of one year in relation to maternal smoking","volume":"11","author":"Rantakallio","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330390213","article-title":"Economic impact on tooth emergence","volume":"39","author":"Garn","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0917-2394(10)70185-3","article-title":"Breastfeeding pattern and eruption of primary teeth in Nigerian children","volume":"20","author":"Oziegbe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatric Dental Journal"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1982.tb00370.x"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2<209::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of deciduous tooth emergence: II. Parametric survival analysis in Bangladeshi, Guatemalan, Japanese, and Javanese children","volume":"105","author":"Holman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10239","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of deciduous tooth emergence: III. Sexual dimorphism in Bangladeshi, Guatemalan, Japanese, and Javanese children","volume":"122","author":"Holman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2307\/2061560","article-title":"Age estimation from the number of teeth erupted in young children: an aid to demographic surveys","volume":"27","author":"Townsend","year":"1990","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp-4-3-65","article-title":"Time of eruption of primary dentition in Saudi children","volume":"4","author":"Al-Jasser","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000088178"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572006000400003","article-title":"The influence of gestational age and birth weight of the newborn on tooth eruption","volume":"14","author":"Ramos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12154","article-title":"Timing of primary tooth emergence among U.S. racial and ethnic groups","volume":"76","author":"Warren","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2012.02534.x","article-title":"Growth monitoring of low birthweight infants: what references to use?","volume":"48","author":"Tudehope","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.18","first-page":"73","volume-title":"4 Variation in modern human dental development","volume":"37","author":"Liversidge","year":"2003"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.19","first-page":"352","article-title":"A study on the time and order of eruption of human teeth II (in Tokyo, Japan)","volume":"47","author":"Kitamura","year":"1942","journal-title":"Shikwa gakuho"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(73)90024-1"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19680037"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.1964.tb02670.x","article-title":"Deciduous eruption in Melbourne children","volume":"9","author":"Roche","year":"1964","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330150214","article-title":"Eruption of primary teeth in Korean rural children","volume":"15","author":"JIN YUN","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.24","first-page":"772","article-title":"Eruption of deciduous teeth among the children of Gulbarga, South India","volume":"73","author":"Reddy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/28.3.216","article-title":"Nutritional status and the timing of deciduous tooth eruption","volume":"28","author":"Delgado","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.26","first-page":"214","article-title":"Eruption of deciduous teeth in protein-calorie malnutrition","volume":"19","author":"Truswell","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.27","unstructured":"Robinow M , Richards T , Anderson M . The eruption of deciduous teeth. In:\u00a0Growth. 1942;6."},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174415001130","article-title":"Maternal and early life factors of tooth emergence patterns and number of teeth at 1 and 2 years of age","volume":"6","author":"Ntani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dev Orig Health Dis"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089033449801400203"},{"key":"2025101812372309000_7.12.e018621.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.029728"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T19:37:29Z","timestamp":1760816249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018621","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}}}