{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T03:41:19Z","timestamp":1762659679984},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"CRISM Prairie Node"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Problematic gambling is a significant Canadian public health concern that causes harm to the gambler, their families, and society. However, a significant minority of gambling treatment seekers drop out prior to the issue being resolved; those with higher impulsivity scores have the highest drop-out rates. Consequently, retention is a major concern for treatment providers. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and internet-delivered CBT and contingency management (CM+) as treatments for gambling disorder in rural Albertan populations. Contingency management (CM) is a successful treatment approach for substance dependence that uses small incentives to reinforce abstinence. This approach may be suitable for the treatment of gambling disorder. Furthermore, internet-delivered CM may hold particular promise in rural contexts, as these communities typically struggle to access traditional clinic-based counselling opportunities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>54 adults with gambling disorder will be randomised into one of two conditions: CM and CBT (CM+) or CBT alone (CBT). Gambling will be assessed at intake, every treatment session, post-treatment, and follow-up. The primary outcome measures are treatment attendance, gambling abstinence, gambling, gambling symptomatology, and gambling urge. In addition, qualitative interviews assessing study experiences will be conducted with the supervising counsellor, graduate student counsellors, study affiliates, and a subset of treatment seekers. This is the first study to use CM as a treatment for gambling disorder in rural and remote populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was approved by the University of Lethbridge\u2019s Human Subject Research Committee (#2016\u2013080). The investigators plan to publish the results from this study in academic peer-reviewed journals. Summary information will be provided to the funder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"NCT02953899\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" specific-use=\"clinicaltrial pre-results\">NCT02953899<\/jats:ext-link>; Pre-results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]],"date-time":"2018-04-03T14:38:01Z","timestamp":1522766281000},"page":"e018804","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Piloting the addition of contingency management to best practice counselling as an adjunct treatment for rural and remote disordered gamblers: study protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02953899","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov","type":"preResults"}],"author":[{"given":"Darren R","family":"Christensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chad S G","family":"Witcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trent","family":"Leighton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hudson-Breen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Ofori-Dei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051710253012000_8.4.e018804.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370705201006"},{"key":"2024051710253012000_8.4.e018804.2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Gambling in Alberta: History, current status and socioeconomic impacts","volume":"28","author":"Williams","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024051710253012000_8.4.e018804.3","unstructured":"Problem Gambling Institute of Ontario. 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