{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:26:11Z","timestamp":1777429571693,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess recognition of five mental disorders (alcohol abuse, dementia, depression, obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia) among a sample of medical students using a vignette-based approach. Socio-demographic predictors of correct recognition were also explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional online survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical students studying in Singapore.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional online study among medical students (n=502) who were randomly assigned one of the five vignettes. Students were instructed to read the vignette, then answer the open text question, \u2018What do you think the person in the vignette is suffering from?\u2019 Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the predictors of correct recognition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>81.7% could correctly recognise the condition described in the vignette. Depression was most well recognised (93.0%), followed by alcohol abuse (89.0%), OCD (87.1%) and dementia (79.2%), while only 60.0% of students correctly recognised schizophrenia. Females were significantly more likely to correctly recognise the disorders, while the odds of correct recognition were significantly higher among fourth-year and fifth-year students compared with first-year students. Compared with depression, dementia and schizophrenia were significantly more likely to be mislabelled.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While overall correct recognition was high (81.7%), this did vary by disorder, where schizophrenia (60%) was the most poorly recognised condition. Given that primary care providers are often the first professional help-seeking source for people with mental health problems, medical students should be equipped with the skills and ability to recognise signs and symptoms of various mental illnesses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T02:55:30Z","timestamp":1513911330000},"page":"e019038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Recognition of mental disorders: findings from a cross-sectional study among medical students in Singapore"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Louisa","family":"Picco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esmond","family":"Seow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boon Yiang","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rathi","family":"Mahendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Clinical, Academic and Faculty Affairs, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Swapna","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Academic and Faculty Affairs, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of General Psychiatry and Early Psychosis Intervention Programme, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siow Ann","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mythily","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization\u2019s World Mental Health Survey Initiative","volume":"6","author":"Kessler","year":"2007","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00505-2","article-title":"Estimating the true global burden of mental illness","volume":"3","author":"Vigo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.3","unstructured":"Bloom DE , Cafiero ET , Jan\u00e9-Llopis E , et al . The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. Geneva: World Economic Forum, 2011."},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.092718"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61238-0"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.21.2581"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.7","unstructured":"The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Sick on the Job? Myths and Realities about Mental Health and Work. OECD Publishing, 2012."},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.5.396"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301069"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1997.tb140071.x"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.603"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0837-2","article-title":"Mental Health Literacy among a multiracial population in South East Asia","volume":"16","author":"Chong","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0658-8","article-title":"Quantifying and predicting depression literacy of undergraduates: a cross sectional study in Sri Lanka","volume":"15","author":"Amarasuriya","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1108\/17465721111188223","article-title":"Mental health literacy among university students","volume":"10","author":"Furnham","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Public Ment Health"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-5-44"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1039-8562.2003.02055.x"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-008-9092-0","article-title":"An international perspective on behavioral science education in medical schools","volume":"15","author":"Chur-Hansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol Med Settings"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kessler R , Stafford D . Collaborative Medicine Case Studies. Springer-Verlag New York, 2008.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-76894-6"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/812182"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.083840"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.0314"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V41N2p49","article-title":"A population-based survey of mental disorders in Singapore","volume":"41","author":"Chong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142769"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2012.01883.x"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1447-3","article-title":"Correct recognition and continuum belief of mental disorders in a nursing student population","volume":"17","author":"Seow","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2011.621060"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JMHTEP-05-2016-0027"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1614.2006.01885.x"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2005.05.004"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796016000159","article-title":"Stigma towards people with mental disorders and its components - a perspective from multi-ethnic Singapore","volume":"26","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-489","article-title":"Mass social contact interventions and their effect on mental health related stigma and intended discrimination","volume":"12","author":"Evans-Lacko","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.01.089","article-title":"Influence of age and gender on mental health literacy of anxiety disorders","volume":"251","author":"Hadjimina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-11-11","article-title":"The effects of patient characteristics on ADHA diagnosis and treatment: a factorial study of family physicians","volume":"11","author":"Morley","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Family Practice"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171251","article-title":"Patient factors that influence clinicians' decision making in self-management support: A clinical vignette study","volume":"12","author":"Bos-Touwen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856213500092"},{"key":"2025121220302504000_7.12.e019038.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01326.x","article-title":"Investing in youth mental health is a best buy","volume":"187","author":"McGorry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med J Aust"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T04:30:37Z","timestamp":1765600237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019038","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}}}