{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:27:43Z","timestamp":1792787263328,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Hong Kong College of Family Physician Research Fellowship Scheme 2014"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common, disabling and costly medical condition. The patellofemoral joint is a critical source of pain in individuals with KOA, and coexistence of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) and tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (TFOA) is sometimes observed. The identification of subgroups with PFOA and customised interventions to correct underlying pathomechanics is beneficial for individuals with KOA. This study aims to evaluate whether a clinic-based patella mobilisation therapy (PMT) leads to significant improvement in pain, physical function and quality of life of individuals with KOA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 208 participants with coexistence of PFOA and TFOA will be recruited. A pragmatic randomised clinical trial will be conducted, and participants will be randomised into the PMT and waiting list groups. For the PMT group, three manual mobilisation sessions, along with home-based vastus medialis oblique muscle exercise, will be conducted at 2-month intervals. The waiting list group will continue to receive their usual care, and as an incentive the waiting list group will be offered PMT after the study period is over. The primary outcome is the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale, and secondary outcomes include the WOMAC function and stiffness subscales, scores for objective physical function tests (the 30\u2009s chair stand, 40-metre fast-paced walk test, the Timed Up and Go Test), and the EuroQol-5D scores. All outcomes will be evaluated at baseline and 6 months using intention-to-treat and incorporating covariate analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethics approval has been obtained (CREC no: 2014.379). Results of the trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChiCTR-IPC-15006618; Pre-results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T10:10:27Z","timestamp":1521022227000},"page":"e019103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Clinical effectiveness of patella mobilisation therapy versus a waiting list control for knee osteoarthritis: a protocol for a pragmatic randomised clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4717-7773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina Wing Shan","family":"Sit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith Kwok Wai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin Hon Kei","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisy Dexing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth Dean","family":"Reeves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (1986\u20132015), The University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying Ho","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent Chi Ho","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Yeung Shan","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101814513110000_8.3.e019103.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp051726","article-title":"Osteoarthritis of the Knee","volume":"354","author":"Felson","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med Overseas Ed"},{"key":"2025101814513110000_8.3.e019103.2","unstructured":"Felson DT . 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