{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:16:22Z","timestamp":1785370582393,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the value of percent body fat (%BF) with body mass index (BMI) to assess the risk of abnormal blood glucose (ABG) among US adults who are normal weight or overweight. We hypothesised that normal-weight population with higher %BF is more likely to have ABG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999\u20132006, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were US adults aged 40 and older who have never been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes by a doctor (unweighted n=6335, weighted n=65 705 694). The study population was classified into four groups: (1) normal weight with normal %BF, (2) normal weight with high %BF, (3) overweight with normal %BF and (4) overweight with high %BF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>ORs for ABG including pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes (HbA1c \u22655.7%, \u226539\u2009mmol\/mol).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>64% of population with normal BMI classification had a high %BF. Prevalence of ABG in normal-weight group with high %BF (13.5%) is significantly higher than the overweight group with low %BF (10.5%, P&lt;0.001). In an unadjusted model, the OR of ABG was significantly greater in adults at normal BMI with high %BF compared with individuals at normal weight with low %BF. In an adjusted model controlling for age, sex, race\/ethnicity, first-degree-relative diabetes, vigorous-intensity activities and muscle strengthening activities, risks of ABG were greater in population with normal weight and high %BF (OR 1.55, 95%\u2009CI 1.01 to 2.38) and with overweight and low %BF (OR 1.17, 95%\u2009CI 0.69 to 1.98, P&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Integrating BMI with %BF can improve in classification to direct screening and prevention efforts to a group currently considered healthy and avoid penalties and stigmatisation of other groups that are classified as high risk of ABG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]],"date-time":"2018-04-13T14:00:18Z","timestamp":1523628018000},"page":"e019200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Informational value of percent body fat with body mass index for the risk of abnormal blood glucose: a nationally representative cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3428-7471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ara","family":"Jo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arch G","family":"Mainous III","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051710453108000_8.4.e019200.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10029"},{"key":"2024051710453108000_8.4.e019200.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12319"},{"key":"2024051710453108000_8.4.e019200.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2625"},{"key":"2024051710453108000_8.4.e019200.4","unstructured":"U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. 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