{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T06:27:38Z","timestamp":1765607258266,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally due to weak health systems in many countries. RHD can be effectively prevented and managed; however, RHD-related interventions have not been widely adopted in countries with severe human resource constraints. Task sharing is a recognised approach to personnel shortages that could prove effective for RHD and has, anecdotally, been attempted in a few settings. We propose a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol to assess models that use non-physician workers to expand access to, and quality of, RHD-related healthcare.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will include randomised controlled trials (RCT), cluster RCTs, quasi-experimental and controlled before and after studies providing information on the effectiveness of non-physician workers in providing care for streptoccocal pharyngitis, rheumatic fever and RHD. We will search relevant electronic databases and grey literature using medical subject headings. Standardised data extraction forms will be used to collect effect sizes that will be pooled in random-effects models. We will also conduct subgroup analyses and note other important quantitative findings, such as cost reduction, and qualitative findings, such as patient satisfaction. We will also assess study quality and risk of bias and metabias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethics and dissemination<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ethics approval is not required for this systematic review of previously published literature. The results of the systematic review will be broadly disseminated via conference presentations, multidisciplinary workshops and peer-reviewed publications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42017072989.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]],"date-time":"2018-02-14T08:45:44Z","timestamp":1518597944000},"page":"e019511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Task sharing to improve the prevention, diagnosis and management of rheumatic heart disease: a systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Leila Hussein","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Save the Children International (SCI), Somalia\/Somaliland Country Office, Nairobi, Kenya"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3961-2760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesl Joanna","family":"Z\u00fchlke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Red Cross War Memorial Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121222234312000_8.2.e019511.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007855"},{"key":"2025121222234312000_8.2.e019511.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.34"},{"key":"2025121222234312000_8.2.e019511.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X"},{"key":"2025121222234312000_8.2.e019511.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61171-9","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease","volume":"379","author":"Marijon","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2025121222234312000_8.2.e019511.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603693"},{"key":"2025121222234312000_8.2.e019511.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-014-0925-3"},{"key":"2025121222234312000_8.2.e019511.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60692-4"},{"key":"2025121222234312000_8.2.e019511.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.836510"},{"key":"2025121222234312000_8.2.e019511.9","first-page":"460","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease and the ASAP programme: Fresh insights into an old disease","volume":"29","author":"Zuhlke","year":"2011","journal-title":"CME"},{"key":"2025121222234312000_8.2.e019511.10","unstructured":"WHO\/UNAIDS\/PEPFAR. 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