{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T10:12:14Z","timestamp":1768471934850,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate prevalence of and factors contributing to bullying among senior doctors and dentists in New Zealand\u2019s public health system, to ascertain rates of reporting bullying behaviour, perceived barriers to reporting and the effects of bullying professionally and personally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional, mixed methods study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>New Zealand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Members of the Association of Salaried Medical Specialists (40.8% response rate).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of bullying was measured using the Negative Acts Questionnaire (revised) (NAQ-r). Workplace demands and level of peer and managerial support were measured with the Health and Safety Executive Management Standards Analysis tool. Categories of perpetrators for self-reported and witnessed bullying and barriers to reporting bullying were obtained and qualitative data detailing the consequence of bullying were analysed thematically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall prevalence of bullying, measured by the NAQ-r, was 38% (at least one negative act on a weekly or daily basis), 37.2% self-reported and 67.5% witnessed. There were significant differences in rates of bullying by specialty (P=0.001) with emergency medicine reporting the highest bullying prevalence (47.9%). The most commonly cited perpetrators were other senior medical or dental specialists. 69.6% declined to report their bullying. Bullying across all measures was significantly associated with increasing work demands and lower peer and managerial support (P=0.001). Consequences of bullying were wide ranging, affecting workplace environments, personal well-being and subjective quality of patient care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bullying is prevalent in New Zealand\u2019s senior medical workforce and is associated with high workloads and low peer and managerial support. These findings help identify conditions and pressures that may encourage bullying and highlight the significant risk of bullying for individuals and their patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]],"date-time":"2018-03-19T08:20:31Z","timestamp":1521447631000},"page":"e020158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["\u2018It feels like being trapped in an abusive relationship\u2019: bullying prevalence and consequences in the New Zealand senior medical workforce: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4081-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte N L","family":"Chambers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Association of Salaried Medical Specialists, Wellington, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M A","family":"Frampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murray","family":"Barclay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121604245091000_8.3.e020158.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12465","article-title":"Bullying and harassment of trainees: an unspoken emergency?","volume":"27","author":"Jamieson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"2025121604245091000_8.3.e020158.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-498X.2008.00251.x"},{"key":"2025121604245091000_8.3.e020158.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7178.228"},{"key":"2025121604245091000_8.3.e020158.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000622","article-title":"Negative acts at work as potential bullying behavior and depression: examining the direction of the association in a 2-year follow-up study","volume":"58","author":"Hogh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2025121604245091000_8.3.e020158.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.10.779"},{"key":"2025121604245091000_8.3.e020158.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(98)00043-3","article-title":"Harassment and bullying at work: a review of the scandinavian approach","volume":"5","author":"Einarsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"\u200eAggress Violent Behav"},{"key":"2025121604245091000_8.3.e020158.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.12.3.247","article-title":"Harassment in the workplace and the victimization of men","volume":"12","author":"Einarsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Violence Vict"},{"key":"2025121604245091000_8.3.e020158.8","first-page":"202","article-title":"Bullying in the workplace: definition, prevalence, antecedents and consequences","volume":"13","author":"Matthiesen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Org Theory Behav"},{"key":"2025121604245091000_8.3.e020158.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00187267035610003"},{"key":"2025121604245091000_8.3.e020158.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/NCM.0000000000000146","article-title":"The new age of bullying and violence in health care: part 2: advancing professional education, practice culture, and advocacy","volume":"21","author":"Fink-Samnick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prof Case Manag"},{"key":"2025121604245091000_8.3.e020158.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoel H , Salin D . 10 organisational antecedents of workplace bullying. 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