{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:32:28Z","timestamp":1782797548631,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test whether social ties play any roles in mitigating depression and anxiety, as well as in fostering mental health among young men living in a poor urban community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort of all young men living in an urban slum in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All men aged 18\u201329 years (n=824) living in a low-income urban community at the time of the survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unspecified psychological morbidity measured using the General Health Questionnaire, 12-item (GHQ-12), where lower scores suggest better mental status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The GHQ scores (mean=9.2, SD=4.9) suggest a significant psychological morbidity among the respondents. However, each additional friend is associated with a 0.063 SD lower GHQ score (95%\u2009CI \u22120.106 to \u22120.021). Between centrality measuring the relative importance of the respondent within his social network is also associated with a 0.103 SD lower GHQ score (95%\u2009CI \u22120.155 to \u22120.051), as are other measures of social network ties. Among other factors, married respondents and recent migrants also report a better mental health status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results underscore the importance of social connection in providing a buffer against stress and anxiety through psychosocial support from one\u2019s peers in a resource-constraint urban setting. Our findings also suggest incorporating a social network and community ties in designing mental health policies and interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T08:57:37Z","timestamp":1531731457000},"page":"e020180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Social network analysis of psychological morbidity in an urban slum of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study based on a community census"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3821-4106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atonu","family":"Rabbani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh"},{"name":"James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabila Rahman","family":"Biju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashfique","family":"Rizwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malabika","family":"Sarker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121407084447000_8.7.e020180.1","unstructured":"WHO. 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