{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:54:21Z","timestamp":1789523661401,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020572","name":"Institute for Safety, Compensation and Recovery Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020572","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to develop prognostic risk scores for compensation-related stress and long-term disability using markers collected within 3 months of a serious injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study. Predictors were collected at baseline and at 3 months postinjury. Outcome data were collected at 72 months postinjury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospitalised patients with serious injuries recruited from four major trauma hospitals in Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>332 participants who made claims for compensation for their injuries to a transport accident scheme or a workers\u2019 compensation scheme.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>12-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule and 6 items from the Claims Experience Survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our model for long-term disability had four predictors (unemployed at the time of injury, history of a psychiatric disorder at time of injury, post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity at 3 months and disability at 3 months). This model had good discrimination (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =0.37) and calibration. The disability risk score had a score range of 0\u2013180, and at a threshold of 80 had sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 86%. Our model for compensation-related stress had five predictors (intensive care unit admission, discharged to home, number of traumatic events prior to injury, depression at 3 months and not working at 3 months). This model also had good discrimination (area under the curve=0.83) and calibration. The compensation-related stress risk score had score range of 0\u2013220 and at a threshold of 100 had sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 75%. By combining these two scoring systems, we were able to identify the subgroup of claimants at highest risk of experiencing both outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ability to identify at an early stage claimants at high risk of compensation-related stress and poor recovery is potentially valuable for claimants and the compensation agencies that serve them. The scoring systems we developed could be incorporated into the claims-handling processes to guide prevention-oriented interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,28]],"date-time":"2018-04-28T09:50:53Z","timestamp":1524909053000},"page":"e020803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Development of prediction models of stress and long-term disability among claimants to injury compensation systems: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Spittal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevieve","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Law Faculty, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meaghan","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phoenix Australia, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander C","family":"McFarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Traumatic Studies, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Studdert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University Medical School and Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121509312293000_8.4.e020803.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61689-4"},{"key":"2025121509312293000_8.4.e020803.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20226"},{"key":"2025121509312293000_8.4.e020803.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lippel K , L\u00f6tters F . 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