{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:21:11Z","timestamp":1771467671504,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Since most biomedical research focuses on a specific disease, evaluation of research output requires disease-specific bibliometric indicators. Currently used methods are insufficient. The aim of this study is to develop a method that enables detailed analysis of worldwide biomedical research output by disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We applied text mining techniques and analysis of author keywords to link publications to disease groups. Fractional counting was used to quantify disease-specific biomedical research output of an institution or country. We calculated global market shares of research output as a relative measure of publication volume. We defined \u2018top publications\u2019 as the top 10% most cited publications per disease group worldwide. We used the percentage of publications from an institution or country that were top publications as an indicator of research quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We were able to classify 54% of all 6.5\u2009million biomedical publications in our database (based on Web of Science) to a disease group. We could classify 78% of these publications to a specific institution. We show that between 2000 and 2012,\u2018other infectious diseases\u2019 were the largest disease group with 337\u2009485 publications. Lifestyle diseases, cancers and mental disorders have grown most in research output. The USA was responsible for the largest number of top 10% most cited publications per disease group, with a global share of 45%. Iran (+3500%) and China (+700%) have grown most in research volume.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed method provides a tool to assess biomedical research output in new ways. It can be used for evaluation of historical research performance, to support decision-making in management of research portfolios, and to allocate research funding. Furthermore, using this method to link disease-specific research output to burden of disease can contribute to a better understanding of the societal impact of biomedical research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T09:55:09Z","timestamp":1528106109000},"page":"e020818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Improving the evaluation of worldwide biomedical research output: classification method and standardised bibliometric indicators by disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Lissy","family":"van de Laar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gupta Strategists, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thijs","family":"de Kruif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gupta Strategists, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludo","family":"Waltman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anshu","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gupta Strategists, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Hagenaars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gupta Strategists, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121512442170000_8.6.e020818.1","unstructured":"www.ec.europa.eu\/programmes\/horizon2020\/en\/h2020-section\/societal-challenges\/, accessed Feb 2016."},{"key":"2025121512442170000_8.6.e020818.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61046-6"},{"key":"2025121512442170000_8.6.e020818.3","unstructured":"Thomson Reuters. http:\/\/www.webofknowledge.com accessed Feb 2016."},{"key":"2025121512442170000_8.6.e020818.4","first-page":"265","article-title":"MeSH)","volume":"88","author":"Lipscomb","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull Med Libr Assoc"},{"key":"2025121512442170000_8.6.e020818.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090147","article-title":"Attention to local health burden and the global disparity of health research","volume":"9","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121512442170000_8.6.e020818.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016837","article-title":"NIH disease funding levels and burden of disease","volume":"6","author":"Gillum","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121512442170000_8.6.e020818.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906173402406"},{"key":"2025121512442170000_8.6.e020818.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-331","article-title":"Yellow fever disease: density equalizing mapping and gender analysis of international research output","volume":"6","author":"Bundschuh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2025121512442170000_8.6.e020818.9","unstructured":"Adams J et al . 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