{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:20:37Z","timestamp":1770747637588,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives and setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conflicting results from studies using electronic health records to evaluate the associations between type 2 diabetes and cancer fuel concerns regarding potential biases. This study aimed to describe completeness of cancer recording in UK primary care data linked to hospital admissions records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients aged 40+ years with insulin or oral antidiabetic prescriptions in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care without type 1 diabetes were matched by age, sex and general practitioner practice to non-diabetics. Those eligible for linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care (HES APC), and with follow-up during April 1997\u2013December 2006 were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Primary and secondary outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cancer recording and date of first record of cancer were compared. Characteristics of patients with cancer most likely to have the diagnosis recorded only in a single data source were assessed. Relative rates of cancer estimated from the two datasets were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>53\u2009585 patients with type 2 diabetes matched to 47\u2009435 patients without diabetes were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of all cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) recorded in CPRD, 83% were recorded in HES APC. 94% of cases in HES APC were recorded in CPRD. Concordance was lower when restricted to same-site cancer records, and was negatively associated with increasing age. Relative rates for cancer were similar in both datasets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Good concordance in cancer recording was found between CPRD and HES APC among type 2 diabetics and matched controls. Linked data may reduce misclassification and increase case ascertainment when analysis focuses on site-specific cancers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,26]],"date-time":"2018-05-26T08:28:05Z","timestamp":1527323285000},"page":"e020827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Cancer recording in patients with and without type 2 diabetes in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink primary care data and linked hospital admission data: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rachael","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CPRD, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK"},{"name":"Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tjeerd-Pieter","family":"van Staa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arlene M","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CPRD, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK"},{"name":"Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Hammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"EMD Serono Research & Development, EMD Serono, Inc, Rockland, Maine, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hubert G M","family":"Leufkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 7th\u00a0edn. Brussels,\u00a0Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2015."},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7607"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S104448","article-title":"Helping everyone do better: a call for validation studies of routinely recorded health data","volume":"8","author":"Ehrenstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-10-9","article-title":"Is hospital discharge administrative data an appropriate source of information for cancer registries purposes? Some insights from four Spanish registries","volume":"10","author":"Bernal-Delgado","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011161","article-title":"Validation of administrative hospital data for identifying incident pancreatic and periampullary cancer cases: a population-based study using linked cancer registry and administrative hospital data in New South Wales, Australia","volume":"6","author":"Creighton","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2259-3","article-title":"Performance of claims-based algorithms for identifying incident thyroid cancer in commercial health plan enrollees receiving antidiabetic drug therapies","volume":"17","author":"Funch","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-017-0417-5","article-title":"Identifying incident colorectal and lung cancer cases in health service utilisation databases in Australia: a validation study","volume":"17","author":"Goldsbury","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-17","article-title":"Ascertaining invasive breast cancer cases; the validity of administrative and self-reported data sources in Australia","volume":"13","author":"Kemp","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.02.017","article-title":"Quality measures of the population-based Finnish Cancer Registry indicate sound data quality for solid malignant tumours","volume":"77","author":"Leinonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006189","article-title":"Identifying multiple myeloma patients using data from the French health insurance databases","volume":"96","author":"Palmaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6163","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2012.13.12.6163","article-title":"A comparison of the cancer incidence rates between the national cancer registry and insurance claims data in Korea","volume":"13","author":"Seo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2350"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3374"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2012.05.013","article-title":"Validity of cancer diagnosis in a primary care database compared with linked cancer registrations in England. Population-based cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Dregan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012669","article-title":"Do GPs know their patients with cancer? Assessing the quality of cancer registration in Dutch primary care: a cross-sectional validation study","volume":"6","author":"Sollie","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.16","unstructured":"CPRD. Cancer Registration Data and GOLD Documentation (Set 13). Unpublished documentation 2016."},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv098"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098611435911"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03537.x"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp10X483562"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.21","unstructured":"Digital NHS . Hospital Episode Statistics. http:\/\/content.digital.nhs.uk\/hes (accessed 3 Jun 2017)."},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.22","unstructured":"Digital NHS . Data quality checks performed on SUS and HES data. http:\/\/content.digital.nhs.uk\/media\/13655\/Data-quality-checks-performed-on-SUS-and-HES-data\/pdf\/HESDQ_In_002_Data_quality_checks_performed_on_SUS_and_HES_data.pdf (accessed 28 Jan 2018)."},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2390-3"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.24","first-page":"S364","article-title":"Linkage of the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) with other data sources","volume":"20","author":"Gallagher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148349","article-title":"The Impact of the Choice of Data Source in Record Linkage Studies Estimating Mortality in Venous Thromboembolism","volume":"11","author":"Gallagher","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.26","unstructured":"Communities and Local Government. English indices of deprivation 2010. http:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/english-indices-of-deprivation-2010 (accessed 24 Jun 2017)."},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.27","unstructured":"University of Bern. STROBE Statement. http:\/\/www.strobe-statement.org (accessed 26 Nov 2017)."},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3877","article-title":"Validity and completeness of colorectal cancer diagnoses in a primary care database in the United Kingdom","volume":"25","author":"Cea Soriano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007168","article-title":"Selection of medical diagnostic codes for analysis of electronic patient records. Application to stroke in a primary care database","volume":"4","author":"Gulliford","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025120523562914000_8.5.e020827.30","unstructured":"Hippisley-Cox J . Validity and completeness of the NHS Number in primary and secondary care: electronic data in England 1991-2013. Nottingham: University of Nottingham, 2013."}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020827","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T07:56:41Z","timestamp":1765007801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020827"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020827"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020827","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}}}