{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T21:45:17Z","timestamp":1789940717993,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Domaine d\u2019Int\u00e9r\u00eat Majeur - R\u00e9gion ile de France"},{"name":"Research Foundation for Hypertension"},{"name":"Research Institute in Public Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common sleep complaint in the population and is increasingly recognised as deleterious for health. Simple and sensitive tools allowing identifying individuals at greater risk of EDS would be of public health importance. Hence, we determined trajectories of body silhouette from early childhood to adulthood and evaluated their association with EDS in adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis in a prospective community-based study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>6820 men and women self-reported their silhouette at ages 8, 15, 25, 35 and 45 using the body silhouettes proposed by Stunkard<jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>. EDS was defined by an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score \u226511.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Presence of EDS in adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population comprised 6820 participants (mean age 59.8 years, 61.1% men). Five distinct body silhouettes trajectories over the lifespan were identified: 31.9% \u2018lean stable\u2019, 11.1% \u2018lean increase\u2019, 16.1% \u2018lean-marked increase\u2019, 32.5% \u2018moderate stable\u2019 and 8.4% \u2018heavy stable\u2019. Subjects with a \u2018heavy-stable\u2019 trajectory (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.62) and those with a \u2018lean-marked increase\u2019 trajectory (OR 1.46, 95%\u2009CI 1.18 to 1.81) were more likely to have EDS when compared with the \u2018lean-stable\u2019 group after adjusting for confounding. Further adjustment for birth weight strengthened the magnitude of the ORs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing body silhouette and to a lesser extent constantly high body silhouette trajectory from childhood to adulthood are associated with increased likelihood of EDS, independently of major confounding variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"NCT00741728\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" specific-use=\"clinicaltrial pre-results\">NCT00741728<\/jats:ext-link>; Pre-results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]],"date-time":"2018-03-28T06:13:13Z","timestamp":1522217593000},"page":"e020851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Self-reported body silhouette trajectories across the lifespan and excessive daytime sleepiness in adulthood: a retrospective analysis. The Paris Prospective Study III"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00741728","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov","type":"preResults"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4194-6145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quentin","family":"Lisan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Tafflet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Aline","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Boutouyrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Guibout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Haba-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie C\u00e9cile","family":"P\u00e9rier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Pannier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Marques-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Jouven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Empana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050713361406000_8.3.e020851.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.10.844","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness and sleep habits of Australian workers","volume":"20","author":"Johns","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2020050713361406000_8.3.e020851.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/21.1.27","article-title":"Correlates of daytime sleepiness in 4578 elderly persons: the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"21","author":"Whitney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2020050713361406000_8.3.e020851.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.2.293","article-title":"Sleep and reported daytime sleepiness in normal subjects: the Sleep Heart Health Study","volume":"27","author":"Walsleben","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2020050713361406000_8.3.e020851.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.963801"},{"key":"2020050713361406000_8.3.e020851.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.12.008"},{"key":"2020050713361406000_8.3.e020851.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/25.3.315","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness and risk of occupational injuries in non-shift daytime workers","volume":"25","author":"Melamed","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2020050713361406000_8.3.e020851.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.530824"},{"key":"2020050713361406000_8.3.e020851.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2005.00165.x"},{"key":"2020050713361406000_8.3.e020851.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayley AC , Williams LJ , Kennedy GA , et al . 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