{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:41:05Z","timestamp":1783482065409,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","funder":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement universitaire de m\u00e9decine et sant\u00e9 communautaires"},{"name":"The Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Switzerland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To summarise and synthesise the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of drug interventions to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD) and all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overview of systematic reviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, Embase, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Library from inception to May 2017; manual search of references of included studies for potentially relevant reviews.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Eligibility criteria for study selection<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed the effectiveness of drug interventions for SCD and all-cause mortality prevention in patients with HFrEF. We included overviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials of beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-i), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), antialdosterones or mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists, amiodarone, other antiarrhythmic drugs, combined ARB\/neprilysin inhibitors, statins and fish oil supplementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the reviews and the quality of evidence for the primary studies for each drug intervention, using Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE), respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 41 reviews. Beta-blockers, antialdosterones and combined ARB\/neprilysin inhibitors appeared effective to prevent SCD and all-cause mortality. ACE-i significantly reduced all-cause mortality but not SCD events. ARBs and statins were ineffective where antiarrhythmic drugs and omega-3 fatty acids had unclear evidence of effectiveness for prevention of SCD and all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This comprehensive overview of systematic reviews confirms that beta-blockers, antialdosterone agents and combined ARB\/neprilysin inhibitors are effective on SCD prevention but not ACE-i or ARBs. In patients with high risk of SCD, an alternative therapeutic strategy should be explored in future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017067442.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-021108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,28]],"date-time":"2018-07-28T05:19:34Z","timestamp":1532755174000},"page":"e021108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Effectiveness of drug interventions to prevent sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: an overview of systematic reviews"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1522-9812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muaamar","family":"Al-Gobari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Cochrane Switzerland, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0571-7230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinaa","family":"Al-Aqeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Gueyffier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie et Biom\u00e9trie Evolutive-Equipe Mod\u00e9lisation des Effets Th\u00e9rapeutiques, UMR 5558 Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Burnand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Cochrane Switzerland, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121221122867000_8.7.e021108.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.171600"},{"key":"2025121221122867000_8.7.e021108.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000145047.14691.db"},{"key":"2025121221122867000_8.7.e021108.3","first-page":"135","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death in heart failure","volume":"32","author":"Klein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"key":"2025121221122867000_8.7.e021108.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw128"},{"key":"2025121221122867000_8.7.e021108.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409077"},{"key":"2025121221122867000_8.7.e021108.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171168","article-title":"No benefits of statins for sudden cardiac death prevention in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Al-Gobari","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121221122867000_8.7.e021108.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-51"},{"key":"2025121221122867000_8.7.e021108.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.04.001"},{"key":"2025121221122867000_8.7.e021108.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025121221122867000_8.7.e021108.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-7-10"},{"key":"2025121221122867000_8.7.e021108.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Gobari M , Al-Aqeel S , Gueyffier F , et al . 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