{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:01:54Z","timestamp":1776297714832,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main aim of this study was to assess the overall tuberculosis (TB) treatment success in Ethiopia and to identify potential factors for poor TB treatment outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature was conducted. Original studies were identified through a computerised systematic search using PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using Cochran\u2019s Q test and I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic. Pooled estimates of treatment success were computed using the random-effects model with 95% CI using Stata V.14 software.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 230 articles were identified in the systematic search. Of these 34 observational studies were eligible for systematic review and meta-analysis. It was found that 117\u2009750 patients reported treatment outcomes. Treatment outcomes were assessed by World Health Organization (WHO) standard definitions of TB treatment outcome. The overall pooled TB treatment success rate in Ethiopia was 86% (with 95% CI 83%_88%). TB treatment success rate for each region showed that, Addis Ababa (93%), Oromia (84%), Amhara (86%), Southern Nations (83%), Tigray (85%) and Afar (86%). Mainly old age, HIV co-infection, retreatment cases and rural residence were the most frequently identified factors associated with poor TB treatment outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The result of this study revealed that the overall TB treatment success rate in Ethiopia was below the threshold suggested by WHO (90%). There was also a discrepancy in TB treatment success rate among different regions of Ethiopia. In addition to these, HIV co-infection, older age, retreatment cases and rural residence were associated with poor treatment outcome. In order to further improve the treatment success rate, it is strategic to give special consideration for regions which had low TB treatment success and patients with TB with HIV co-infection, older age, rural residence and retreatment cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]],"date-time":"2018-09-26T00:45:14Z","timestamp":1537922714000},"page":"e022111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Drug-susceptible tuberculosis treatment success and associated factors in Ethiopia from 2005 to 2017: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mohammed Assen","family":"Seid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2468-7778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Biset","family":"Ayalew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6307-1146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esileman Abdela","family":"Muche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eyob Alemayehu","family":"Gebreyohannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadesse Melaku","family":"Abegaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization, 2017. Tuberculosis, fact sheet http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs104\/en\/ (updated Oct 2017)."},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S629","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix362","article-title":"What we know about tuberculosis transmission: an overview","volume":"216","author":"Churchyard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2017."},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000318","article-title":"Successes and challenges of the millennium development goals in Ethiopia: lessons for the sustainable development goals","volume":"2","author":"Assefa","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142290","article-title":"Isoniazid prophylactic therapy for the prevention of tuberculosis in HIV infected adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"10","author":"Ayele","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957415599210"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000390"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1205429"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2017.01.016","article-title":"The challenge of the new tuberculosis drugs","volume":"46","author":"Tiberi","year":"2017","journal-title":"La Presse M\u00e9dicale"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2017.03.002","article-title":"Drug development against tuberculosis: past, present and future","volume":"64","author":"Vasava","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60359-9"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.12","unstructured":"Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia. Standard Treatment Guidelines for General Hospital. 3rd edn. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2014."},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.13","unstructured":"Stop TB Partnership. The paradigm shift, Global Plan to End TB, 2016\u20132020. Geneva: Switzerland: WHO, 2016."},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194675","article-title":"Tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Ethiopia from 2003 to 2016, and impact of HIV co-infection and prior drug exposure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Eshetie","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.15","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Definitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis\u20132013 revision. Geneva, 2016. (updated Dec 2014)."},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.16","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health. Guidelines for clinical and programmatic management of TB, TB\/HIV and Leprosy in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, 2012."},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.17","unstructured":"Wells G , Shea B , O\u2019connell D , et al . The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa (ON): Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 2009."},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-154","article-title":"Are healthcare workers' intentions to vaccinate related to their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes? A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Herzog","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.19","unstructured":"StataCorp L . Stata Statistical Software: Release 14 computer program: StataCorp LP, 2015."},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.193"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1967-3","article-title":"Outcomes of TB treatment in HIV co-infected TB patients in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional analytic study","volume":"16","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1917-0","article-title":"Tuberculosis treatment outcomes of six and eight month treatment regimens in districts of Southwestern Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Asres","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2014.09.002","article-title":"Treatment outcome of human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis co-infected patients in public hospitals of eastern and southern zone of Tigray region, Ethiopia","volume":"19","author":"Belayneh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-537","article-title":"Treatment outcome of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"Berhe","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114225","article-title":"Trends of tuberculosis case notification and treatment outcomes in the Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia: ten-year retrospective trend analysis in urban-rural settings","volume":"9","author":"Dangisso","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients at enfraz health center, northwest ethiopia: a five-year retrospective study","volume":"2014","author":"Endris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tuberc Res Treat"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150560","article-title":"Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis Patients under Directly Observed Treatment Short Course and Factors Affecting Outcome in Southern Ethiopia: A Five-Year Retrospective Study","volume":"11","author":"Gebrezgabiher","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-61"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v16i3.4","article-title":"Profile and treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculosis in Northeastern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study","volume":"16","author":"Mekonnen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.31","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors among Tuberculosis Patients in Debre Tabor, Northwestern Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study","volume":"2016","author":"Melese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tuberc Res Treat"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1378-1","article-title":"Prevalence of tuberculosis and treatment outcome among university students in Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Moges","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1664-0","article-title":"TB\/HIV co-infections and associated factors among patients on directly observed treatment short course in Northeastern Ethiopia: a 4 years retrospective study","volume":"8","author":"Mekonnen","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540902865736"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.35","first-page":"973","article-title":"Factors associated with poor tuberculosis treatment outcome in the Southern Region of Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Sellart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-5-62","article-title":"DOTS improves treatment outcomes and service coverage for tuberculosis in South Ethiopia: a retrospective trend analysis","volume":"5","author":"Shargie","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2238-7","article-title":"Successful TB treatment outcome and its associated factors among TB\/HIV co-infected patients attending Gondar University Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: an institution based cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Sinshaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v26i1.11","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients at Debre Berhan Hospital, Amhara Region, Northern Ethiopia","volume":"26","author":"Tefera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1452-x","article-title":"Adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment and treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients in Alamata District, northeast Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"Tesfahuneygn","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-371"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3362-9","article-title":"Profile of tuberculosis and its response to anti-TB drugs among tuberculosis patients treated under the TB control programme at Felege-Hiwot Referral Hospital, Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Zenebe","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2016.07.012","article-title":"Tuberculosis treatment outcome and associated factors among smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Afar, Eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective study","volume":"20","author":"Zenebe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159579","article-title":"Total delay is associated with unfavorable treatment outcome among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in west gojjam zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Gebreegziabher","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asebe G , Dissasa H . Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients at Gambella Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: three-year retrospective study. J Inf Dis Ther 2015;03.doi:10.4172\/2332-0877.1000211","DOI":"10.4172\/2332-0877.1000211"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Characteristics and treatment outcomes of \"transfer-out\" pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Gondar, Ethiopia","volume":"2016","author":"Belayneh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tuberc Res Treat"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144244","article-title":"Time to death and associated factors among tuberculosis patients in Dangila Woreda, Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"10","author":"Birlie","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.5963","article-title":"Outcome of tuberculosis patients under directly observed short course treatment in western Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Ejeta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153239","article-title":"Impact of HIV status on treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients registered at Arsi Negele Health Center, Southern Ethiopia: a six year retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"Gebremariam","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.12.010","article-title":"Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"17","author":"Getahun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25382","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v7.25382","article-title":"Fifteen-year trend in treatment outcomes among patients with pulmonary smear-positive tuberculosis and its determinants in Arsi Zone, Central Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Hamusse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.14.0059","article-title":"Does decentralisation of tuberculosis care influence treatment outcomes? The case of Oromia Region, Ethiopia","volume":"4","author":"Ketema","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Action"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27048","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v8.27048","article-title":"Outcome of tuberculosis treatment in HIV-positive adults diagnosed through active versus passive case-finding","volume":"8","author":"Balcha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3193-8","article-title":"Treatment outcomes of childhood tuberculosis in Addis Ababa: a five-year retrospective analysis","volume":"16","author":"Tilahun","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-016-0115-z","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality during tuberculosis treatment: a prospective cohort study among tuberculosis patients in South-Eastern Amahra Region, Ethiopia","volume":"5","author":"Workneh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2015.20.247.3345","article-title":"Risk factors for unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcome (failure, default and death) in public health institutions, Eastern Ethiopia","volume":"20","author":"Amante","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.56","unstructured":"World Health Organization(WHO). Global tuberculosis report 2014: World Health Organization, 2014."},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-291"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e566482006-002"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.035329"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.60","unstructured":"Ali MK , Karanja S , Karama M . Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients attending tuberculosis treatment centres in 2016-2017 in Mogadishu, Somalia. Pan Afr Med J 2017;28.doi:10.11604\/pamj.2017.28.197.13439"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.5925","article-title":"Factors affecting successful treatment outcomes in pulmonary tuberculosis: a single-center experience in Turkey, 2005-2011","volume":"9","author":"Sengul","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128907","article-title":"Factors associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes in new and previously treated tb patients in uzbekistan: a five year countrywide study","volume":"10","author":"Gadoev","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025121512465345000_8.9.e022111.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-360"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T20:47:03Z","timestamp":1765831623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022111","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}}}