{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T16:39:09Z","timestamp":1793205549069,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Motivation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are a common and serious healthcare-associated infection. Despite many efforts to reduce the occurrence of CAUTI, there remains a gap in the literature about CAUTI risk factors, especially pertaining to the effect of catheter dwell-time on CAUTI development and patient comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine how the risk for CAUTI changes over time. Additionally, to assess whether time from catheter insertion to CAUTI event varied according to risk factors such as age, sex, patient type (surgical vs medical) and comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study of all patients who were catheterised from 2012 to 2016, including those who did and did not develop CAUTIs. Both paediatric and adult patients were included. Indwelling urinary catheterisation is the exposure variable. The variable is interval, as all participants were exposed but for different lengths of time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urban academic health system of over 2500 beds. The system encompasses two large academic medical centres, two community hospitals and a paediatric hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population was 47\u2009926 patients who had 61\u2009047 catheterisations, of which 861 (1.41%) resulted in a CAUTI. CAUTI rates were found to increase non-linearly for each additional day of catheterisation; CAUTI-free survival was 97.3% (CI: 97.1 to 97.6) at 10 days, 88.2% (CI: 86.9 to 89.5) at 30 days and 71.8% (CI: 66.3 to 77.8) at 60 days. This translated to an instantaneous HR of. 49%\u20131.65% in the 10\u201360\u2009day time range. Paraplegia, cerebrovascular disease and female sex were found to statistically increase the chances of a CAUTI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a very large data set, we demonstrated the incremental risk of CAUTI associated with each additional day of catheterisation, as well as the risk factors that increase the hazard for CAUTI. Special attention should be given to patients carrying these risk factors, for example, females or those with mobility issues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T06:38:00Z","timestamp":1550817480000},"page":"e022137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":179,"title":["Identifying the risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a large cross-sectional study of six hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Allison S","family":"Letica-Kriegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hojjat","family":"Salmasian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quality and Safety, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard Medical School, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K","family":"Vawdrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Value Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett E","family":"Youngerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quality and Patient Safety, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E Yoko","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P","family":"Calfee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7686-189X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rimma","family":"Perotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Value Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121222295942000_9.2.e022137.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306801","article-title":"Multistate point-prevalence survey of health care\u2013associated infections","volume":"370","author":"Magill","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med Overseas Ed"},{"key":"2025121222295942000_9.2.e022137.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200205"},{"key":"2025121222295942000_9.2.e022137.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504906"},{"key":"2025121222295942000_9.2.e022137.4","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services. 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FAQs: NHSN CAUTI Definition & Rebaseline. 2015 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/rebaseline\/faq-cauti-rebaseline.pdf"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022137","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T06:30:10Z","timestamp":1765607410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022137","relation":{},"ISSN":["2044-6055","2044-6055"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2044-6055","type":"print"},{"value":"2044-6055","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}}}